‫‪U.

6 Blood components functions‬‬

‫قسم التمريض‪ /‬عضو هيئة التدريس ‪:‬هبة المعايطة‬

 U. (6+7) /goals
Goals cardiovascular system:

:Upon the completion of this unit the student will be able to •

• A. Knowledge & Understanding the functions of the cardiovascular system

• Acquire knowledge and understanding of the functions and of the blood.

• Define physiology and its importance in blood homeostasis of body .

• Describe the heart functions.

•
Out line :
1- functions of circulatory system
p.g( 110- 114)
2- functions of blood & function of blood component
( p.g89-101)
3- Heart function p.g (116- 119)
function of circulatory system -1
The Cardiovascular System
&
The Blood
- The cardiovascular system is divided in tow main
parts :
1-The Blood components :
2- The circulatory system : vessels & Heart
Acting as a pump and closed system of blood
vessels through which the blood flows .
 Blood vesseles
Blood vessels : closed circle carries blood from the
heart to the cell and back there are three main kind :
1- Arteries : -carries blood away from the heart
- carries oxygenated blood except (pl-vein )
-small arteries called arterioles
2- veins :-carries blood toward the heart
-carries deoxygenated blood except(pl-artery )
-small veins called venules
-very large venous called sinuses
Capillaries :- carry blood small arteries to small veins -3
 2
- Components of Blood
p.g 86

● Blood has 2 components

▪ 1. Cellular component (Formed elements ). It includes:
▪ a. Erythrocytes
▪ b. Buffy coat – whitish layer present at the
erythrocyte-plasma junction contains
▪ i. Leukocytes
▪ ii. Platelets
▪ 2. Liquid component (plasma).

❖ Serum is plasma from which fibrinogen and other

coagulation proteins have been removed as a result of
clotting
CELLULAR ELEMENTS
Components of Blood
 Plasma Proteins
▪ Albumin
▪ It acts as a carrier of many substances in the circulation
▪ Important blood buffer
▪ Major blood protein contributing to the ONCOTIC PRESSURE
(plasma osmotic pressure).

▪ Globulins
▪ act as enzymes and carriers
▪ alpha and beta are produced by liver
▪ gamma globulins are produced by plasma cells

▪ Fibrinogen
▪ Produced by liver
▪ Forms fibrin threads of blood clot
 Blood viscosity
▪ Plasma is about 1.8 more viscous
▪ Whole blood viscosity is 3-4 times of that of
water.
▪ Viscosity is increased when hematocrit
value or no. of RBCs rise.
▪ Increased viscosity will decrease blood flow
through blood vessels.
 Erythropoiesis is controlled by
erythropoietin

◼ Reticulocytes are immature erythrocytes.

◼ They are released from the bone marrow into the circulation when
erythropoiesis is rapid.
Erythropoiesis is controlled by erythropoietin
IMB
AL
AN
C
E
Homeostasis: Normal blood oxygen
levels
1 Stimulus
5
O2–carrying IMB Low blood O2–carrying
AL
ability of blood AN ability due to
C
.increases E Decreased RBC count •
Decreased amount of •
hemoglobin
Decreased availability •
of O2
4 Enhanced
erythropoiesis 2 ,Kidney (and liver
increases RBC )to a smaller extent
.count .releases erythropoietin
3 Erythropoietin
stimulates red
bone
.marrow
 Characteristics of Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells are:

• Erythrocytes
• Biconcave discs
• One-third hemoglobin
• Flexible membrane
• Lack nuclei and mitochondria
 Hemoglobin

◼ Globin protein consisting of 4 polypeptide chains

◼ One heme pigment attached to each polypeptide chain
▪ each heme contains an iron ion (Fe+2) that can combine reversibly
with one oxygen molecule
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
▪ Leukocytes are crucial in body’s defence against disease
◼ Complete cells, with nucleus and organelles
◼ Able to move into and out of blood vessels (diapedesis)
◼ Move by amoeboid motion
◼ Respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues (known as positive
chemotaxis)
◼ 4,800 to 10,800 WBCs per cubic millimeter of blood.
▪ Leukocytosis
▪ account above 11,000 cells/mm3
▪ Generally indicates an infection
▪ - Leukopenia
▪ Abnormally low leukocyte level
▪ Commonly caused by certain drugs, such as corticosteroids and
anticancer agents.
Leukocytes (white blood cells)

◼ Easy way to remember this list

▪ Never, Let, Monkeys, Eat, Bananas
Maturity of W. B. Cs
Functions of neutrophils
Functions of basophils
Type of lymphocytes
Percentage of leukocytes
B Types cells
Monocytes
 Mature in lymphatic then
transition to blood and tissue
Functions of macrophage
T&B cells Attracted
Hemostasis
◼ Sequence of responses that stops bleeding
in a quick & localized fashion when blood
vessels are damaged
◼ Methods utilized to reduce bleeding:
▪ vascular spasm
▪ platelet plug formation
▪ blood clotting (coagulation = formation of fibrin
threads)
Platelet plug formation
Clotting Process summary
Fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming
the clot.
 Human Blood Groups
◼ There are over 30 common red blood cell
antigens
◼ The most vigorous transfusion reactions are
caused by ABO and Rh blood group antigens
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn