Click to edit Master title style

Organisation and
Data Management

Dr Olufemi Isiaq
 Click to edit Master title style

Quote of the Week

People who wonder if the glass is half empty

or half full are missing the point. The glass is
refillable …..inspirationalQuoteGazette.com
 Click to edit Master title style

Overview

• Recap on Accounting and data Science

• Organisation definition and structure
• Organisation data
• Data management (Managing organisation data)
• PLR tasks
 Click to edit Master title style

Recap on Data science, Data analysis, Business

Intelligence, job roles and skills

• Who is a Statistician, Data analyst and Business Analyst?

• Mention the skills required of a data scientist?
• Positioning yourself for any of these job roles
• Organisation requirements for data scientist
• Business Intelligence, BI and benefits?
• BI roles/teams, benefits, salary, Skills etc.
 Click to edit Master title style

Organisation … definition (recap from 1 year)

• A social unit of people structured and managed to meet a

need or to pursue a collective goal. (business dictionary)
• A group of people who work together in an organised way
for a share purpose (Cambridge dictionary)
• A group of individual working together to achieve one or
more objectives collectively. (the open university)
• Several definitions had been given by different people,
theorists, researchers and academics etc.
 Click to edit Master title style

Organisation cont’

• Although there are various definitions of an organisation,

many of these definitions conform with 5 common
features namely:
• composition of individuals or group of individuals
• composition of different functions or components
• focus is towards achieving common and collective goals
• there are functions/components requires coordination.
• Many will exist independently of a single who may be member or
leave the organisation
 Click to edit Master title style

Organisation existence, Why?

• Group of people coming together to accomplish more
tasks than the sum of individual accomplishments.
• To reduce cost
• To improve efficiency
 Click to edit Master title style

Components of an organisation

• Mintzberg’s five parts of organisation

• Strategic Apex
• Technostructure
• Middle Line
• Support staff
• Operating core
 Click to edit Master title style

Types of organisation
Organisation can be categorised differently however, we
have most organisations to fall into the following:
• Public sector
• Usually partly and fully owned by governments (central, regional
state or local government)
• Civil servants are employed to put decisions and implementations
in place
• Not usually for profits making but always aim value for money
• Private sector
• Usually owed by private individual
• Usually for profit making
• Can exits in form of sole-trader, partnership, private limited
company (ltd), private limited company (plc)
 Click to edit Master title style

Types of organisation cont'

• Non-profitable organisation
• Usually, called mutual or co-operative organisation
• Not for profit making
• Examples are clubs and societies and charity organisation among
others
 Click to edit Master title style

Organisation structure
• simply the relationship between the components or
functions and position within an organisation
• usually used to assign and determine responsibilities
within an organisation
• makes clear the path of communications between or
organisation components
• helps defined organisation accountability based on clarity
of responsibility
Organisation structure is simply the method by which an
organisation delineates communications, policies,
authorities and responsibilities.
 Click to edit Master title style

Types of Organisational structure

• Tall/ Hierarchical orgnisation structure
• follows a pyramid layout,
• every member is a subordinate of another up-to the CEO who,
usually is at the top of the pyramid
• there is usually a large number of level in management
hierarchy

• Flat organisation structure

• level of management is relatively very small
• usually occur in smaller companies/organisation
• although a few big organisations still adopt this approach
 Click to edit Master title style

Tall/Hierarchical Structure (Pros and Cons)

• Pros
• defined level of leadership is recorgnised
• level of responsibilities is clear.
• possibility of departmental loyalty leading to company growth
and interest
• encourages specialism and promotes experts of functions

• Cons
• departmental rivalry could lead to negative impact on
organisation
• high budget cost and maintenance
• communication can be less effectives when compared with flat
structure
 Click to edit Master title style

Flat Structure (Pros and Cons)

• Pros
• excess layer of management is reduced
• improves speed of coordination and communication.
• fast organisation decision making
• reduces organisation cost
• Cons
• lack of specific Boss or and could lead to lack of direction
• encourages generalist more than specialists
• possibility of lack of clarity in specific job functions
• usually not suitable for large organisation
 Click to edit Master title style

Examples of Organisations and their structures

• Mention any organisation you know that may have
adopted any of the following:
• Tall structure
• Flat structure
 Click to edit Master title style

Organisation Data
• Usually enormous amount of data generated by an
organisation for administrative tasks or operations.
• Such data may include organisation financial data, staff
schedule, customer log etc.
• It is usually vast in nature
• Organisation consumption is classified into 3 types, in a
pyramid structure (G.Cook, 2013).
• Descriptive Statistics
• Comparative Statistical Analytics
• Modeling Analytics
 Click to edit Master title style

Organisation Data Consumption Pyramid

 Click to edit Master title style

Descriptive Statistics
• Captures data about organisation processes
• Typical metrics or calculation that allows eyeball,
comparisons with data
• Includes metrics such as percentages, count, average etc.
• Can be view over specific period of time or dimensions
• Can easily be analysed by human eye
• Limited to the number of questions it could answer
• Data consumption move up the pyramid once organisation
is acclaimed to interpreting descriptive data
 Click to edit Master title style

Comparative Statistical Analytics

• useful to determine the real difference(s) between data

or group of data.
• useful when eyeball can not real tell data difference(s)
• can help us identify if changes in data are based on
random fluctuations, natural occurrence or there is a
driving force that leads to the noted/perceived change in
organisation data
 Click to edit Master title style

Modeling Analytics

• Organisations tend to move tend to identify opportunities

and leverages in historic data once its comfortable,
consuming and interpreting Comparative Statistical
Analytics.
• It helps to capture and understand key drivers of
organisation processes
• Helps to predict future based on hypothetical changes
 Click to edit Master title style

Data model
• Usually the fundamental entity that introduces
data abstraction in a data store.
• Defines data relationships i.e., how data are
interrelated.
• Defines how data is processed and stored in a
system.
• First data model usually are flat where all data
are in same plane.
 Click to edit Master title style

Types of data model

• Flat model
• consists of a single, two-dimensional array of data elements,
where all members of a given column are assumed to be similar
values.
• all members of a row are assumed to be related to one another.
Click to edit Master title style

Hierarchical model
• Data links are in from of tree structure
• Similar to network model but network model allow
arbitrary graph which is not in hierarchical.
 Click to edit Master title style

Relational model
• model is based on
first-order predicate
logic.
• power lies in its
mathematical
foundations and a
simple user-level
 Click to edit Master title style

Activity

• Using web and online resource, highlight some other data

models not mentioned.
• Compare and contrast the current data model highlighted
• Discussion of the identified models
 Click to edit Master title style

Data management
• the development and execution of architectures,
policies, practices and procedures for managing
organisation information lifecycle.
• Administrative process by which the required
data is acquired, validated, stored, protected,
and processed, and by which its accessibility,
reliability, and timeliness is ensured to satisfy the
needs of the data users. (business dictionary)
 Click to edit Master title style

Data Management Wheel

Copyright dama
https://dama.org/content/body-knowledge
 Click to edit Master title style

Data Management Functions

• Data Governance –
• planning, oversight, and control over management of data and
the use of data and data-related resources
• Data Architecture –
• the overall structure of data and data-related resources as an
integral part of the enterprise architecture
• Data Modelling and Design –
• analysis, design, building, testing, and maintenance
 Click to edit Master title style

Data Management

• Data Storage and Operations –

• structured physical data assets storage deployment and
management
• Data Security –
• ensuring privacy, confidentiality and appropriate access
• Data Integration and Interoperability –
• acquisition, extraction, transformation, movement, delivery,
replication, federation, virtualisation and operational support
 Click to edit Master title style

Data Management … cont’

• Documents and Content –
• storing, protecting, indexing, and enabling access to data found
in unstructured sources (electronic files and physical records),
and making this data available for integration and
interoperability with structured (database) data
• Reference and Master Data –
• managing shared data to reduce redundancy and ensure better
data quality through standardised definition and use of data
values
 Click to edit Master title style

Data Management …cont’

• Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence –
• managing analytical data processing and enabling access to
decision support data for reporting and analysis metadata –
collecting, categorising, maintaining, integrating, controlling,
managing, and delivering metadata
• Metadata –
• collecting, categorising, maintaining, integrating, controlling,
managing, and delivering metadata
• Data Quality –
• defining, monitoring, maintaining data integrity, and improving
data quality.
 Click to edit Master title style

Resources
• Organisations and management accounting
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-management/or
ganisations-and-management-accounting/content-section
-1
• Different types of organisation Institute of Leadership &
Management and QMD Ltd,2006
http://www.bestpractice.uk.com/learningzone/lzdocs/Di
fferent%20types%20of%20organisation.pdf
• Flat Vs. Hierarchical Organizational Structure
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/flat-vs-hierarchical-
organizational-structure-724.html
 Click to edit Master title style

Resources … cont’
• Data management, body of knowlegde
https://www.dama.org/content/body-knowledge
• Exploring the Organizational Data Consumption Pyramid
http://sites.psu.edu/dawithgc/2013/11/01/exploring-the
-organizational-data-consumption-pyramid/
• Introduction to Databases for Web Developers
http://www.extropia.com/tutorials/sql/hierarchical_dat
abases.html
• How to hack a facebook account fast,
http://howtohackfbaccountfast.com/
 Click to edit Master title style

Resources …. Cont’

• Data management
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data-
management.html
Click to edit Master title style

Any questions?