Developing the Whole Person

CHAPTER 3
Contents:
What is Holistic Development

The Various Aspects of Holistic Development

Basic Drives and affects

Attitudes and Behavior

What is Holistic Development?

“Whole Person”

HOLISM &
DUALISM GESTALT
 Rene Descartes
- One of the modern
philosophers of our time
, influenced much of
mankind’s thinking with
his theory of DUALITY
or understanding the
nature of things in
simple.
 DUALISM

• Understanding the nature of things in a simple,

dual mode.
• Perceiving things as dual in character
 MIND AND BODY DUALISM

MIN
BODY
D

This Traditional view maintains that the

human being is composed of two substances
that casually interact in a mechanistic fashion.
GENDER CATEGORIZATION
GOOD OR BAD
 YIN AND YANG

The word Yin come out to

mean “Shady Side” and
Yang “Shiny Side”

They are two opposite yet

complementary energies.
HOLISM AND
GESTALT
THEORY
 GENERAL JAN C. SMUTS
 a South African statesman,
military leader, and philosopher,
wrote about holism in his book
“Holism and Evaluation”.

 introduced the term holism as

"the tendency in nature to form
wholes which are greater than
the sum of parts through creative
evolution."
In understanding humans, it is
important to see the person in
his entirely not just his parts.
 CHRISTIAN VON EHRENFELS

 Was born an eminent philosopher

interested in the perceptual
properties of the mind. Ehrenfels
introduced the concept of “Gestalt”
in reference to form qualities
produced over and above the sum
total of elemental components.

 “Something that is made of many

parts and yet is somehow more than
or different from the combination of
its parts; broadly, the general quality
or character of something”
 ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF A
PERSON

Physiological – the physical attributes including the five

physical senses.
Cognitive – the intellectual functions of the mind:
thinking, recognizing, reasoning, analyzing, projecting,
synthesizing, recalling, and assessing.
Psychological – how thinking, feeling, and behaving
interact and happen in a person.
 ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF A
PERSON

Social – the manner by which an individual interacts

with other individuals or groups of individuals.

Spiritual – the attribute of a person’s consciousness and

beliefs, including the values and virtues that guide and
put meaning into a person’s life.
 BASIC DRIVES & AFFECT

“Instinct is a marvelous thing. It can

neither be explained nor ignored.”
 BASIC DRIVES & AFFECT

“According to Paul Lawrence and Nitin

Nohria, there are four key human drives
 1. TO ACQUIRE

To acquire what we need for survival, conception and our offspring’s

survival.
We are driven to attain things that interest us, give us a sense of identity
and meet our loved one’s needs.
 2. TO DEFEND

To defend ourselves and our offspring

from threats.
 3. TO BOND

To bond and form long-term, mutually caring

and trusting relationship with others.
 4. TO LEARN

To comprehend (to learn, create, innovate,

and make sense of world and in our place in
it.)
 AFFECT

The various emotional experiences such

as emotions, moods, and affective traits.
 EMOTIONS

- A descriptive term referring

to variations in level of
arousal, affective state or
mood, expressive
movements, and attitudes.

- Taken from the Latin word

“MOVARE” which means to
move or be upset or agitated.
In the state of strong emotion, the person’s
physical responses include:

 Faster heartbeat
 Higher blood pressure
 Profuse sweating
 Dilation of pupil
According to Paul Ekman of the University of
California

 Happiness
 Sadness
 Fear
 Disgust
 Anger
According to the institute of Neuroscience
and Psychology at the University of
Glasglow

 Happy
 Sad
 Afraid/Surprised
 FEELINGS

 The perception of events within

the body, closely related to
emotion.

 Arises from the brain as it

interprets an emotion, which is
usually caused by physical
sensations experienced by the
body as a reaction to a certain
external stimulus.

 Afraid (emotion) fear (feeling)

Are feelings and Emotions the same?
 ATTITUDE

 Attitudes are person’s thoughts,

feelings, and emotions about
another person, object, idea,
behavior, or situation.

 It is the result of a person’s

evaluation of an experience with
another person, object, idea,
behavior, or situation based on
his or her values and belief
system.
BEHAVIOR
 VALUES
and VIRTUE
 VALUES

Are the standard that form the

foundation of an individuals character,
shaping his personality, attitudes,
behavior, and perceptions. It is these
values that help us to make different
choices in our lives.
 VIRTUE

Are qualities that are considered to

be goal or desirable in a person has
many virtues, such as honest,
trustworthiness, patience and courage.
Compel a person to always do the
right things no matter the cost.
BASIC VALUES BY SHALOM
SCHWARTZ
 Shalom H. Schwartz

Psychologist and cross-cultural

Researcher from Hebrew University Of
Jerusalem.
He wrote Basic Human Values.
BASIC VALUES
1. . Self-Direction – independent thought and action;
choosing, creating and exploring
2. Stimulation – excitement, novelty, and challenge in
life
3. Hedonism – pleasure and sensuous gratification for
oneself
4. Achievement – personal success through
demonstrating competence according to social
standards
5. . Power - social status and prestige and control of
dominance over people and resources
BASIC VALUES
6.Security - safety, harmony and stability of society and of relationships and of self
7.Conformity - restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses that are likely to upset
or harm others and violate social expectations or norms
8.Tradition- respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that
traditional culture of religion provide the self
9.Benevolence - preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is
frequent personal contact
10. Universalism - understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the
welfare of all people and of nature