LESSON 2:

DEVELOPING
THE WHOLE
PERSON
QUARTER 1 (WEEK 2)
 At the end of the lesson, the learners will
be able to:
1. Discuss the relationship among physiological,
cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social
development to understand your thoughts,
feelings and behaviour;
2. Evaluate your thoughts, feelings and behaviour;
and
3. Show the connection between thoughts, feelings
and behaviours in actual life situation.
PRE-ACTIVITY
Directions: Answer the given questions carefully.

1. How are your thoughts, feelings and

behaviours related? How do they interact?
2. What is your understanding about universal
human value and how does it affect a person’s
thinking and behaviour?
 WHAT IS
HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT?
 MIND AND BODY
DUALISM OF DESCARTES

Rene Descartes, one of the modern philosophers of our time,

influenced much of mankind’s thinking with his theory of duality or
understanding of the nature of things in a simple, dual mode.
HOLISM AND GESTALT
In 1962, General Jan c. Smuts, a
South African statesman, military
leader, and philosopher, wrote about
holism in his book Holism and
Evolution. He introduced the
academic terminology for holism as
“the tendency in nature to form
wholes which are greater than the
sum of the parts through creative
evolution”. (Holism, 2018)
HOLISM AND GESTALT
Earlier in 1890, a German philosopher
and psychologist, Christian von Ehrehfels,
and later on supported by psychologists
Max Wertheimer, KurtKoffka, and
Wolfgang Kohler of the Berlin School,
introduced the concept of gestalt. This is
defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary
as “something that is made of many parts
and yet is somehow more than or
different from the combination of its
parts; broadly the general quality or
character of something.”
THE VARIOUS ASPECTS
OF HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT OF A
PERSON
Physiological
 thinking,
recognizing,
reasoning, analyzing,
projecting,
synthesizing,

recalling and
assessing;

Cognitive
Psychological
 the manner by which an
individual interacts
with other individuals
or group of individuals

Social
 person’s
consciousness
and beliefs

values and
virtues

Spiritual
BASIC DRIVES AND AFFECT
Psychologists often refer to basic
human drives as those that are
biologically related such as hunger and
thirst. Affect, on the other hand, is the
various emotional experiences such as
moods, emotions and affective traits
(Feist & Rosenberg, 2012).
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS
•According to Paul Ekman of the
University of California, the six
basic emotions that human
beings experience are:
happiness, sadness, fear, anger,
surprise and disgust.
•And according to the Institute
of Neuroscience and Psychology
at the University of Glasgow,
the four basic emotions are:
happy, sad, afraid or surprised,
and angry or disgusted.
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS
•Emotion is taken from the Latin
verb, movare which means to move
or be upset or agitated.

•According to Dr. Damasio, from a

neuro-scientific approach, feeling
arises from the brain as it
interprets an emotion, which is
usually caused by physical
sensations experienced by the
body as a reaction to a certain
external stimulus.
ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR
 Attitudes are a person’s thoughts, feelings and emotions
about another person, object, idea, behaviour or situation.

Behaviour is a manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an

individual has.
KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATTITUDE AND
BEHAVIOUR
ATTITUDE BEHAVIOR
• Attitude is defined as a • Behavior implies the
person’s mental tendency, actions, moves, conduct or
which is responsible for the functions or an individual or
way he thinks or feels for group towards other
someone or something. persons.

• The way of thinking or • A person’s conduct is

feeling is reflected by a reflected by his behavior.
person’s attitude.
• Attitude is defined by the • Behavior is ruled by social
way we perceive things. norms
• Attitude is a human trait. • Behavior is an inborn
attribute.
 VALUES
At the core of every person
lies a system of beliefs that adheres
to the highest ideals of human
existence. These ideals create
meaning and purpose in a person’s life.
 10 BASIC VALUES
1. Self-direction – independent thought and action;
choosing, creating and exploring.
2. Stimulation – excitement, novelty and challenge in life.
3. Hedonism – pleasure and sensuous gratification of
oneself.
4. Achievement – personal success through demonstrating
competence according to social standards.
5. Power – social status and prestige, and control or
dominance over people and resources.
6. Security – safety, harmony and stability of society, of relationships,
and of self.
7. Conformity – restraint of actions, inclinations and impulses that are
likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or
norms.
8. Tradition – respect, commitment and acceptance of the customs and
ideas that traditional culture or religion provides the self.
9. Benevolence – preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with
whom one is in frequent personal contact.
10. Universalism – understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and
protection for the welfare of all people and of nature.
 The motivational goals that
characterize the 10 values he
identified were:
1. Openness to change;
2. Self-transcendence;
3. Self-enhancement; and
4. Conservation
 VIRTUES
In the Catechism of the Catholic Church,
virtue is defined as “a habitual and firm
disposition to do the good. It allows the
person not only to perform good acts, but
also to give the best of himself or herself.
The virtuous person tends toward the good
with all his sensory and spiritual powers; he
pursues the good and chooses it in concrete
actions’’. The Catechism teaches four cardinal
virtues: prudence, justice, fortitude and
temperance.
 REFERENCES:
Philtechian Shs Bundle – LESSON 2 WK 2
Santos, R. (2019). Personal Development.
REX Book Store.
www.google.com
THANK YOU ☺