STUDY ON MANGE MITES OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN OROMIA ZONE

OF AMAHRAREGIONALSTAT: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ACARICIDAL

EFFICACY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST
Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae

BY: AHMED YASINE

ACADAMIC ADVISORS:
Yacob Hailu [DVM, MVSc, PhD, Assoc. Prof]

JUNE, 2010
DEBRE ZEIT, ETHIOPIA
 INTRODUCTION
• There is high livestock population in our country where the
full exploitation of this resource is hampered by a number of
factors.

• Among prevalent diseases, skin disease are accountable for

considerable economic loss, particularly to the skin and hide.

• Parasitic skin diseases are among important skin disease in

small ruminant in the country and these parasites can be
controlled by using chemical products.

• Acaricides like Diazinon, Deltamethrin and Avermectin has

been attempted with different grades of success.
INTRODUCTION ….Cont’d

Rapid development of resistance (Clark et al., 1996; Synge et

al., 1995),

high cost and environmental contamination (O’Brien, 1999;

Halley et al., 1993)

health hazards to humans during treatment of animal

(Das, 1996)

toxicity (O’Brien, 1999) of many acaricides limits their use

and reduces the number of safe effective products available.
 cont’d
 In vivo acaricidal efficacy test
 Goats similar
•age,
• body condition,
• weight and level of parasitic
•Degree of mange lesion of
natural infestation were collected to
Kombolcha Vet. Regional Lab.

 managed similarly and with due regard to their

well being, confined separately, offered food
under similar condition of local practices.
 Fresh water was available adlibitem throughout
the study period.
 Randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6)
and assign to different treatments randomly.
 Data Analysis

 Microsoft Excel for data management

 SPSS statistical software version 17.0 for data analysis

 Descriptive statistics

 Odds Ratios for strengths of associations

 Analysis of variance ( one way – ANOVA)

Post Hock, Tukey for mean comparison
 Results

 Questionnaire survey

• The community is well aware of mange mite infestation and its impact on
the skin quality, health disorder as a whole, season of occurrence of the
disease and age of the animal more affected by the disease.

• Even though modern medicine is given priority the use of herbal medicines
was also practiced due to in accessibility and cost of modern drugs.

• secrecy with the knowledge of traditional medical care is common but some
plants are known by the public to be treatment of mange mites.

• These include leaves of ‘Dhadacha' or 'Girawa‘(Accacia tortilis) 'Chakke' or

'Digita‘(Aloe scundiflora) and Lemon juce
 Results

Prevalence
Overall prevalence of mange mites in sheep and goats

Sheep (n = 1280) Goat (n = 1264)

Mange .No Prevalence No. Prevalence

CI 95% CI 95%
mites positive )%( positive )%(

Sarcoptes 49 3.8 2.75-4.84 130 10.3 8.63-11.96

Demodex 27 2.1 1.31-2.88 36 2.8 3.70- 1.89

Psoroptes 21 1.6 1.21-1.95 8 0.6 1.02 -0.18

Overall 97 7.6 6.15-9.05 174 13.8 11.91-15.68

 Prevalence…… cont’d
Prevalence (%) of mange mites by agro climate
Sheep Goat

Mange High Mid Low High Mid Low

mites land land land land land land
n=425 n=430 n=425 n=424 n=417 n=423

Sarcoptes 0 7.9 3.5 0 17.5 13.5

Demodex 0 3.9 2.4 0 4.6 4.0

2.3 0.0 0.7 0.2

Psoroptes 2.6 0.9

Overall 2.6 14.25 5.9 0.9 22.8 17.7

 Prevalence…… cont’d
Prevalence (%) of mange mites by age groups
Sheep Goats

Adult Young Adult Young

n =976 n = 304 n = 902 n = 362

mange No Prevalenc .No .No No.

mites positiv )%( e positi Prevale positiv Prevale positi Prevalen
e ve )%( nce e )%( nce ve )%( ce

Sarcoptes 32 3.3 17 5.6 99 10.9 31 8.6

Demodex 14 1.4 13 4.3 21 2.3 15 4.1

Psoroptes 20 2.0 1 0.3 7 0.8 1 0.3

Overall 65 6.8 31 10.2 127 14.1 47 13.0
Prevalence…… cont’d
Prevalence of mange mites in sheep and goat by body condition

Sheep Goats

Good Poor Good Poor

mange No. No. No. No.
n = 1181 n = 99 n =1093 n = 171
mites positive positive positive positive
Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence Prevalence
)%( )%( )%( )%(

Sarcopte 24 2.0 25 25.3 53 4.8 77 45.0

s
Demodex 18 1.5 9 9.1 21 1.9 15 8.8

Psoropte 14 1.2 7 7.1 5 0.5 3 1.8

s
Overall 56 4.7 41 41.1 79 7.2 95 55.6
pictures that show skin lesion conditions before and after treatment

Before treatment

After treatment
Cymbopogon citractus
treated
pictures that show skin lesion conditions before and after treatment

Before treatment
After treatment (Diazinon treated)

Before treatment After treatment (E. globulus treated)

pictures that show skin lesion conditions before and after treatment

Before treatment After treatment (E. globules treated)