Mechanisms involved in

creep
By: ks deepak
mee22007
Creep
• Creep is the deformation that occurs under constant load or stress
• Creep is time-dependent
• This deformation occurs over an extended period, typically at
elevated temperatures
• Creep is particularly relevant for materials used in high-temperature
applications such as jet engines, power plants, etc.
Mechanisms involved in creep
• The Mechanisms of creep depend on stress as well as temperature.
• The primary mechanisms involved in creep are :
1. Diffusion
2. Cross slip
3. Edge Dislocation
4. Grain boundary sliding
Diffusion creep
• This mechanism involves the movement of atoms or molecules within a material.
• At elevated temperatures, atoms have higher kinetic energy, allowing them to
move through the crystal lattice. This movement can lead to the rearrangement
of dislocations or vacancies within the material's microstructure. In creep,
diffusion helps rearrange dislocations, reducing the overall strain energy and
facilitating deformation.
• atoms move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration,
trying to even things out
• These are examples of 2 such types of diffusion creep:
1. Nabarro-herring creep
2. Coble creep
(a) Nabarro-herring creep
In Nabarro-Herring creep, the atoms diffuse
through the grains themselves, and the
deformation occurs due to differences in
the grain size and shape.
(b) Coble creep:
At high temperatures, atoms can move
along the grain boundaries
more easily than within the grain
themselves. This leads to a slow,
steady deformation.
Cross slip of screw dislocations
• Cross slip involves the movement of dislocations from one slip plane
to another.
• Initially, dislocations glide along a specific plane. However, when
obstacles (such as other dislocations) impede their progress,
dislocations can change their plane of motion through a process
called cross slip.
• This mechanism increases the
number of available slip planes,
facilitating further deformation.
Edge Dislocation
• Edge Dislocations are line defects in a crystal lattice where atomic planes are
misaligned
• During creep, dislocations can move through the crystal lattice through a process
called glide
• Dislocations can also climb up the atomic planes by breaking and reforming
atomic bonds. This mechanism allows dislocations to move perpendicular to their
glide plane, facilitating creep deformation.
Grain boundary sliding
• Grain boundary sliding happens when the tiny "grains" or crystal
pieces in a material start to shift or slide against each other at high
temperatures
• When these tiny crystals or grains
start sliding against each other,
it can cause the material to
stretch or deform over time.