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PRESENTATION ON RESEARCH
PROJECT PROPOSAL

NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE

NIGERIA

NOVEMBER 2023
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PRESENTER

COL SM MOHAMMED (N/10450)

(NIGERIAN ARMY)
NDC COURSE 32
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TOPIC

SMALL ARMS PRODUCTION AND NATIONAL

SECURITY: DEFENCE INDUSTRIES
COOPERATION OF NIGERIA
IN PERSPECTIVE

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AIM

To acquaint the Panel with my research

project proposal

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OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

 Background to the Study

 Statement of the Research Problem

 Research Questions

 Objectives of the Study

 Significance of the Study
 Scope of the Study
 Limitations of the Study
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OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION (CONT)

 Definition of Variables

 Literatures to be Reviewed

 Theoretical Framework

 Methodology of the Study

 Outline of Chapter 4 of the Study

 Expected Outcome
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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

One of the obligation of government globally is the

protection of lives and property of its citizens

The government therefore established security

agencies with the tasked to protect lives ad property of
the citizens

To equipped the security agencies, the government

established defence industries for small arms production

The Globe
Source: www.googleimages.com

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

Small arms production is the manufacturing of

small guns and ammunition, among others for use in

national security

National security is the security and defence Small Arms Production

of a sovereign state, including its citizens, economy

and institutions, among others

Consequently, governments promulgated policies and established

defence industries for small arms production towards enhancing
national security in their countries
Source: www.googleimages.com

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

EXPECTED GROW OF US DEMAND OF SMALL ARMS
The US Army launched several military operations PRODUCTIONS BY THE SECURITY AGENCIES

between 1998 to dates with regular demand for small 12 11.11

arms production
10
8.9
The demand is expected to grow from US$8.9 billion 8
in 2022 to US$11.1 billion in 2027

Billion
6
The US Government over the years provided 4
measures for effective small arms production by the
2
defence industries
0
2022 2027
One such measures is the US Policy on Small Arms
Year
and Light Weapons of 2006
Source: finance.yahoo.com, 2023

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

DECLINED US MURDER RATE WITH THE HELP
The policy enable more than 100,000 defence OF SMALL ARMS PRODUCTION

industries to signed a contract with department of defence

for small arms production

In May 2021 and July 2022, the industries was

awarded a contract of about US$70 million and US$1.14
billion for small arms production to ensure national security

The finished products were circulate to US security

agencies which helped murder rate to decline from 5.6 per
cent in 2019 to 2.4 per cent in 2022 thus enhanced national
security Source: Russell C(2022), Survey: Homicides down midyear as overall violent crime
jumps

Therefore, small arms production by the ADI reduced crimes, improved operational
effectiveness and enhanced national security in the USA

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

INCREASED OF SMALL ARMS PRODUCTION
IN SOUTH AFRICA
 The Egyptian Ministry of State for Military
80 75
Production developed an integrated plan for small arms
70
production in 2020 60
50
50
The plan increased the capacity of small arms

Units
40
30
production from 50 million units to 75 million units in
20
January 2022 10
0
2019 2022
This enabled the security agencies to arrest about
Year
12 members of high-profile gang rape groups in 2021
Source: Mikhail, 2022

Therefore, small arms production by the defence industries facilitates security

agencies' activities for enhanced national security in Egypt.

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

The DICON has the mandate to produce

small arms in Nigeria
Flag of Nigeria
In 2018, DICON produced about 3,600,000
ammunitions for the AFN to facilitate the fight
against terrorism

The ammunition led to the elimination

and arrest of about 115 and 500 criminals for
enhanced national security
Ammunitions
Source: www.googleimages.com

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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY (CONT)

The AFN still imports its military equipment as

the small arms production capacity of DICON is low

The cost of DICON’s products also restricts

some security agencies from patronizing the
Corporation

The DICON sells 7.63mm x 39mm ammunition

at N350 per round, which AFN imports at 0.75 cents

Therefore, the over-dependency on equipment importation, high cost of DICON’s products,

scarcity of production material and low level of technical expertise have hindered small
arms production by the DICON for enhanced national security

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PURPOSE
To examine small arms production in DICON for
enhanced national security in Nigeria

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MOTIVATION
The desire of the researcher to proffer workable
strategies that would improve small arms
production in DICON for enhanced national security
in Nigeria

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STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH

PROBLEM

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STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Ideally, military and paramilitary operations required adequate production and
supply of small arms to effectively carry out their tasks
Accordingly, DICON made several efforts to ensure small arms production for
enhanced national security in Nigeria
The DICON produced about 1,200,000 of 7.65 x 51mm (NATO) ammunition, 2
million rounds of 7.62 x 39 (special) and 400,000 of 9x19mm rounds annually
Though the DICON has recorded significant success in small arms production,
some constraints still exist that undermine effective small arms production in DICON
These constraints have been attributed to the low level of technical expertise,
scarcity of production materials, specification and cost, among others
It is therefore imperative to appraise factors impinging on small arms production
in DICON for enhanced national security in Nigeria

It is against this background that this study seeks to provide answers to the following
research questions

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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What are the issues associated with small arms production in DICON
and national security in Nigeria?

What are the effects of small arms production in DICON on national

security in Nigeria?

 What are the challenges undermining small arms production in

DICON and national security in Nigeria?

What are the prospects for improving small arms production in

DICON for enhanced national security in Nigeria?

What strategies may be proffer to overcome the identified

challenges undermining the small arms production in DICON for enhanced
national security in Nigeria?

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MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To assess the efforts of DICON in small arms

production and national security in Nigeria

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 Appraise the issues associated with small arms production in
DICON and national security in Nigeria.
 Assess the effects of small arms production in DICON on
national security in Nigeria.
 Examine the challenges undermining small arms production in
DICON and national security in Nigeria.
 Highlight the prospects for improving small arms production in
DICON for enhanced national security in Nigeria.
 Proffer strategies to overcome the identified challenges
undermining small arms production in DICON for enhanced national
security in Nigeria.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Policy Performance Further Body of

Improvement Improvement Research Knowledge

FGN
DHQ
ONSA DICON Students Essential value to the
NA PROFORCE Researchers general public in the aspect
NAF NA small arms production and
NN NAF national security
NSCDC NN
NPF

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SCOPE OF THE STUDY

TIME SPACE CONTENT

PERIOD TO COVER AREAS TO COVER

Limited to the activities of
2017 to FCT, Kaduna, Ogun, DICON on small arms
May 2024 Anambra and Plateau productions
state

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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Restriction to classified documents and
several policy documents on small arms
prodution
LIMITATIONS

Reluctance to share information and biased

reporting by some selected personnel

Careful efforts would be made to offset

these limitations via secondary sources of data
as well as analysed questionnaires

These limitations would not undermine the

findings and outcome of the study

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DEFINITION OF VARIABLES

KEY VARIABLES

Small Arms National

Production Security

Independent
Dependent Variable
Variable

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DEFINITION OF VARIABLES (CONT)

Small Arms Production

Is the manufacture of portable

weapons for individual use that could
expel or launch a shot, bullet or
projectile by the action of an explosive

OVERM L WONG
Source: www.googleimages.com

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DEFINITION OF VARIABLES (CONT)

National Security

Is the ability of the government to protect its

citizens, economy and institutions. It includes an
appropriate blend of military might for
operational effectiveness, the industrial base for
equipment/weapons availability, cybersecurity
and human security, among others

LONGLEY B PETER
Source: www.googleimages.com

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LITERATURE TO BE
REVIEWED

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LITERATURE TO BE REVIEWED (CONT)

Serial Author Title Year of
Publication
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. Mathias N Handmade and Deadly Craft Production of Small Arms in 2018
Nigeria, Nbmedia

2. Abubakar M Small Arms and Light Weapons and the Challenge of 2017
and Yahaya National Security in Nigeria
TB
3. Okonkwo M Defence Production and Development of National 2014
Technology in Nigeria
4. UNDP How to Guide the Establishment and Functioning of 2008
National Small Arms and Light Weapons Commissions,
Bureau for Crisis Prevention & Recovery
5. Camile PC Small Arms, Light Weapons and Landmines: Inclusive 2004
Security, Sustainable Peace: A Toolkit for Advocacy and
Action
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 There are several theories that
could be used to situate and establish
this study

 These include General System

Theory, Organisational Theory and
Money, Manpower and Materiel Theory

 However, this study will apply the

Money, Manpower and Materiel Theory
propounded by Harinder Singh in 2011 Harinder Singh

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (CONT)

Research Design. The research design is to be

undertaken as follow
Research Strategy. The research strategy will be
a survey research design
Research Purpose. The research purpose will be
descriptive
Research Choice. The study will be mix method
which is quantitative and qualitative data
Time Horizons. The time horizons will be
essentially cross-sectional

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (CONT)

Sources of Data. The data for the research will be

obtained from primary and secondary sources:

Primary Data. Primary data would be obtained using

interviews and questionnaires

Secondary Data. Secondary data would be obtained

from published and unpublished materials which include
books, journals, newspapers, magazines

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (CONT)

Population/Sampling Process. The sampling process will include sample
population, sample size and sampling techniques

Population of the Study. The population is estimated to be about 25,000

Sample Size. The samples of persons whose views would represent the
larger population would be utilized for the study. The Yamane formula will be
used for the calculation of the sample size.

n = N

1+ N (e2)

Where n= Sample size, N = Population and e= error margin

Sampling Techniques. The study will adopt the purposive sampling

technique
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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (CONT)

Methods of Data Collection. The methods of data collection that will

be adopted for this study is the document analysis and field method

Document Analysis. Secondary data will be collected from printed and

electronic media. These will be sourced from libraries, as well as online

Field Method. The field method will focus on interviews and use of
questionnaire. The questionnaire will be administered by the researcher,
aided by research assistants

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (CONT)

Instruments of Data Collection. The 3 major instruments

that will be used to collect data are questionnaires, notebooks
and recording equipment. Their reliability and validity will be
tested

Method of Data Analysis. The data collected in the

research will be analysed qualitatively using logical reasoning
to discern truths and trends

Method of Data Presentation. The analysed data will be

presented in a descriptive and analytical form with the aid of
tables, figures and annexes for better clarity and
comprehension
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OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 4
Information and analysis of the sample
Data Presentation and Analysis of the Issues Associated with Small
Arms Production in the Defence Industries Cooperation of Nigeria and
National Security in Nigeria
Data Presentation and Analysis of the Effects of Small Arms
Production in Defence Industries Cooperation of Nigeria on National
Security in Nigeria
Data Presentation and Analysis of the Challenges involved in Small
Arms Production by the Defence Industries Cooperation of Nigeria and
National Security in Nigeria
Discussion of results
Prospects for Improving Small Arms Production in Defence
Industries Cooperation of Nigeria for enhanced National Security in
Nigeria
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OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 4 (CONT)

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL
ARMS PRODUCTION IN THE DEFENCE INDUSTRIES COOPERATION OF NIGERIA
AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA

Technical Capacity
Technological Advancement
Raw Materials
Research and Development
Public-Private Partnership

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EXPECTED OUTCOMES

 This study is expected to disclose factors associated with the

efforts of DICON in small arms productions for enhanced national
security in Nigeria

 The research project is expected to be achieved through

identification of relevant issues and challenges before proffering
strategies to mitigate the identified challenges

 The outcome of this study will improve small arms production in

DICON for enhanced national security in Nigeria

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CONCLUSION

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THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

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REFERENCES
Bondi, L. (2006). U.S. Policy on Small Arms and Light Weapons. 5 November 2023, https://digital-
commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1887& context=nwc-review

CISA. (2020). Defense Industrial Base Sector. 6 November 2023, https://www.cisa.gov/defense-industrial-

base-sector

Emmanuel, C. (2021). Nigerian Army, Police Killed 115, Unlawfully Arrested 500 Persons In South-East In
Four Months— Amnesty International. 7 November 2023,
https://saharareporters.com/2021/08/05/nigerian-army-police-killed-115-unlawfully-arrested-500-
persons-south-east-four-months—

Farag, M. (2020). EGP 7.3bn allocated to developing Egypt’s military production. 4 November 2023,
https://dailynewsegypt.com/2020/12/05/egp-7-3bn-allocated-to-developing-egypts-military-production/

finance.yahoo.com. (2023). mall Arms Market Report 2022: Increasing Demand for Small Arms in Civil &
Commercial Applications to Drive Growth. 10 November 2023, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/small-
arms-market-report-2022-141300482.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cu
Z29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFRcTRAzbNscWZRu6p-
A5dXoFo6Z8BAWwrH_eiwvh9cEvm9C264PyJTIm0x1ww0AYjAqQz160ZLRRlF_OAVT7xBfs_Kfnbnv02

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REFERENCES (CONT)
Longley, B. (2021). National Security Definition and Examples. 5 November 2023,
https://www.thoughtco.com/national-security-definition-and-examples-5197450

Mikhail, G. (2022). Egypt boosts local weapons production. 3 November 2023, https://www.al-
monitor.com/s/2020/03/egypt-plan-local-weapons-industry-africa-export-army.html

Mordor, I. (2022). United States Defense Market - Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, And Forecasts
(2022 - 2030). 6 November 2023, https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/united-
states-defense-market

Nacaise, K. (2023). USAG Ansbach is recognized as a leader in Operational Security. 10 November

2023, https://www.army.mil/article/270880/usag_ansbach_
recognized_as_a_leader_in_operational_security

Overton, L. (2016). What is a small arm? 10 November 2023, https://aoav.org.uk/2016/what-is-a-

small-arm/

Roth, K. (2021). Police and Security Forces Abuses. 7 November 2023, https://www.hrw.org/world-
report/2022/country-chapters/egypt

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REFERENCES (CONT)
Russell, C. (2022). Survey: Homicides down midyear as overall violent crime jumps.9 November 2023,
https://www.axios.com/2022/09/10/homicides-down-midyear-overall-violent-crime-up

Stipp, H. (2023). U.S. number of firearms manufactured 1986-2021. 6 November 2023,

https://www.statista.com/statistics/215395/number-of-total-firearms-manufactured-in-the-us/

Tafida, H. (2022). Brief For A Delegation From Makina Ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu Turkey On Defence
Industries Corporation Of Nigeria Modest Efforts Towards The Establishment Of A Military Industrial
Complex In Nigeria During The Assessment Visit Of The Delegation To Dicon F. Defence Industries
Corporation of Nigeria (p. 8). Kaduna: DICON.

US Army. (2023). THE 21ST CENTURY — 2001-TODAY. 8 November 2023,

https://www.amc.army.mil/Organization/History/Overview/1990-2000/

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INTERACTIVE SESSION

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