Group 7

III: Public Administration, Governance,

Globalization and National Development: Issues,
Problems and Visions
Jaica Medel
Derick Casumpang
Daniel Delostrino
Angelbert Alicos
Joey Escobanez
Kendrick Earl
Rijane Ilustrisimo
Roelyn Mae Talaver
San Gabriel Jhon James
Haziel Anecito
Content:
1.7 Shift in Global Governance
1.8 The Future Digital (e) Governance
1.9 PA Application N/A
2. Fields of Specialized of Public Administration
2.2 New Sub-Fields Public Administration
3. Major Concerns in the Philippine Public Administration Praxis
4. Effective Governance for Sustainable Development
1.7 Shift in Global Governance
Refers to changes in the distribution of power and authority among
different actors in the international political and economic system.
These shifts have been observed in the context of the rise of new global
powers such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRICs) . The current
system of global governance has seen a diffusion of power, leading to
questions about the reordering or shifts in the existing state of global
governance. The rise of new actors from private and civil society
sectors has also contributed to assuming authoritative roles previously
considered the purview of the state
1.8 The Future Digital (e) Governance
Digital Governance is a framework for establishing accountability, roles
decision-making, and change management authority for an organization’s
digital presence. Having a well-designed digital governance framework
minimizes effort and cost and ensures digital business maturity. The
immediate focus should be on establishing governance and breaking
down silos while aligning on the following standards:
1.) Strategy and governance
2.) Digital organization culture
3.) Data and Analytics
4.) Automation
5.) Insights and Engagement
2. Fields of Specialized of Public Administration

This section discusses the various traditional sub-fields of public

administration including the emerging fields in response to a rapidly
changing environment. However, even before going into the sub-fields of
public administration, it is imperative to recognize the public
administration, itself, has been considered as a sub-field of political
science.
 Traditional Sub-fields of Political Science
The following have been considered as the traditional sub-fields of
political science: political theory, international relations and politics;
comparative politics; public administration. These are briefly discussed
below.

Political Theory
The foundations of political community and institutions are the
focus of political theory. It focuses on human nature and political
association's moral aims. Political theorists use enduring political texts
from ancient Greece to Medieval/Christian to the present day, as well as
numerous writings by moral philosophers, to explicate these concepts.
International Relations and Politics

As a sub-field of political science, international relations have

zeroed in on the relations between and among nation states and how
such relations are defined. Power has always been traditionally
considered a factor in the determination of international relations and
politics. The role of international organizations such as the United
Nations, including other multilateral bodies such as the World Bank,
the International Monetary Fund, and closer to home, the Asian
Development Bank, in shaping the power relations is an aspect that is
also addressed in the study of international relations and politics.
Comparative Politics
Comparative politics is a study of contemporary politics and political
trends in selected countries and regions around the world and then
comparing and critically analyzing the variety of ways that these countries
have chosen to shape their political institutions and processes, assess the
costs and benefits of their choices and address common problems, including
the challenges of globalization, with an eye toward identifying processes,
practices, and policies which might be “exportable” ideas for countries to
borrow from one another.
Public Administration
The scope of the discipline is so great and so debatable that it is easier
to explain than define. Public administration is both a field of study, or a
discipline, and a field of practice, or an occupation. There is much
disagreement about whether the study of public administration can
properly be called a discipline, largely because it is often viewed as a sub-
field of the two disciplines of Political Science and administrative science
(or administration).
Organization and Management
Its one of the oldest subfields of public administration. It basically focuses on
sub-areas like organization theory and practice , dynamics of organization, decision-
making in administration, leadership and other areas. It particularly discusses the
theories, process and techniques involved in the organization and management of
the national government and its agencies.
PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION
Public personnel administration is a branch of human resource
management that is concerned with the acquisition, development,
utilization, and compensation of a public organization’s workforce. In
most cases people who have jobs in this area spend most of their time
working with public entities like government offices or not-for-profit
organizations to find ways of helping employees thrive and be productive,
and looking for ways to help the organization set policies and regulations
that relate to staff.
PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION
Public personnel administration is a branch of human resource
management that is concerned with the acquisition, development,
utilization, and compensation of a public organization’s workforce. In most
cases people who have jobs in this area spend most of their time working
with public entities like government offices or not-for-profit organizations
to find ways of helping employees thrive and be productive, and looking
for ways to help the organization set policies and regulations that relate to
staff.

Public Fiscal Administration

Public finance belongs to the branch of economics but that was during
the earlier times. Public fiscal is the act of managing incoming and
outgoing monetary transactions and budgets for governments, educational
institutions, non profit organizations, and other public service entities.
 2.2 New Sub-Fields Public Administration

New Public Administration is a new theoretical stream of public

administration that emerged in the sixties of the twentieth century in
response to the prevailing trend of public administration. The movement
for a new public administration was initiated by a new generation of
researchers, mainly in the United States.
Policy Analysis and Program Administration
Program Administration is the process of planning, organizing, and
directing overall operations, resources, and activities of a center to
facilitate the attainment of goals and objectives.
How do “politics” and “policy” interact?

Public Enterprise Management

Public Enterprise Management as one of the foci on new sub-fields
of public administration. Includes the nature and processes of public
enterprises; the relationship between the government and the public
enterprise sector; issues on managerial autonomy, public accountability,
corporate social responsibility and the role of the state in the economy. In
the graduate level, courses included in this specialization are financial
management of public enterprise and management of public enterprises.
Voluntary Sector Management
Voluntary Sector Management is another emerging field of Public
Administration. In recognition of the growing voluntary sector in the
Philippines, UP NCPAG has pioneered in offering Voluntary Sector
Management (VSM) as a field of specialization. This field has
developed expertise through the years through its institutional
linkage with UP Pahinungod with Dr. Ledivina Cariño as its
founding director. Voluntary sector management can be referred to
similar terms such “voluntary sector, “third sector.
• Spatial Information Management
In delivering public goods and services efficiently and effectively, it is
very important that we will be aided with support tools enabling the use
of all kinds of spatial data/information. With the study and utilization of
geographic information system (GIS), data/information can be
processed immediately and can be transported easily. This technology is
currently used by many government agencies and corporations; thus the
introduction and popularization of some technology terms in
government such as e-government, e-commerce, geo-visualization, e-
finance, among others. Other systems are also introduced in SIM like
global positioning systems and remote sensing.
3. Major Concerns in the Philippine Public
Administration Praxis:

1.) Reorganization the Bureaucracy

2.) Decentralization the Bureaucracy
3.) Addressing the corruption
Reorganization the Bureaucracy

Reorganization efforts were minimal during the tenures of

Ramos and Estrada. Ramos simply focused on the praxis of NPM
with the end goal of reengineering the bureaucracy. His flagship
program, the Philippines 2000, was envisioned to make the country
globally competitive by pursuing the thrusts of deregulation, market
liberalization, and privatization. He focused on setting the guiding
principles in reorganizing and improving government operations,
divesting government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs),
promoting decentralization and local governance, and pushing on
the attrition law. The reengineering plan, however, remained a plan
with the Congress not laying down the legal framew ork for his
aspiration of streamlining the bureaucracy.
Decentralization the Bureaucracy

Decentralization is a limited form of decentralization since

decision-making remains at the center with lower levels of government
–in this case the filed offices of the national government agencies -
largely limited to transmitting orders and implementing decisions of
centrally based authorities. Decentralization is also referred to as
administrative decentralization.
Addressing the corruption

Finally, continuing and ongoing initiatives to come up with more

responsive public administration structures and processes are ongoing
efforts to address the ever pervasive problem of corruption. Corruption
or the “misuse of public power for private profit” inhibits growth and
development, distorts access to services for poor communities,
undermines public confidence in the government’s will and capacity to
serve the public, deters trade and investments, reduces revenues,
increases costs, and propagates wasteful allocation and use of scarce
resources. Various sectors of the society are doing their best to combat
corruption, enhance government efficiency, effectiveness and
accountability. It is noteworthy to state that institutions have been set
up and several laws were enacted to fight against graft and corruption.
 4. Effective Governance for Sustainable
Development
The full realization of the Sustainable Development Goals and
other internationally agreed development objectives will hinge in no
small part on a common understanding of the basic principles of
effective governance for sustainable development. The basic principles
set out below are intended to clarify the governance agenda, taking into
account different governance structures, national realities, capacities
and levels of development and respecting national policies and
priorities. They have been developed by the Committee of Experts on
Public Administration to help interested countries, on a voluntary basis,
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, with a
view to achieving the shared vision for the people and the planet
embodied in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Effectiveness
1.) Competence- To perform their functions effectively, institutions are to
have sufficient expertise, resources and tools to deal adequately with the
mandates under their authority.
2.) Sound policymaking- To achieve their intended results, public
policies are to be coherent with one another and founded on true or well-
established grounds, in full accordance with fact, reason and good sense.
3.) Collaboration- To address problems of common interest, institutions
at all levels of government and in all sectors should work together and
jointly with non-State actors towards the same end, purpose and effect.
Accountability
1.) Integrity- To serve in the public interest, civil servants are to
discharge their official duties honestly, fairly and in a manner consistent
with soundness of moral principle.
2. Transparency- To ensure accountability and enable public scrutiny,
institutions are to be open and candid in the execution of their functions
and promote access to information, subject only to the specific and
limited exceptions as are provided by law.
3.) Independent oversight- To retain trust in government, oversight
agencies are to act according to strictly professional considerations and
apart from and unaffected by others.
Inclusiveness
1.) Leaving no one behind- To ensure that all human beings can fulfil their
potential in dignity and equality, public policies are to take into account
the needs and aspirations of all segments of) society, including the
poorest and most vulnerable and those subject to discrimination .
2.) Non-discrimination- To respect, protect and promote human rights
and fundamental freedoms for all, access to public service is to be
provided on general terms of equality, without distinction of any kind as
to race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national
or social origin, property, birth, disability or other status • Promotion of
public sector workforce diversity • Prohibition of discrimination in public
service delivery • Multilingual service delivery • Accessibility standards •
Cultural audit of institutions.

3.) Participation- To have an effective State, all significant political

groups should be actively involved in matters that directly affect them
and have a chance to influence policy.
4.) Subsidiarity- To promote government that is responsive to the needs
and aspirations of all people, central authorities should perform only
those tasks which cannot be performed effectively at a more intermediate
or local level.

5.) Intergenerational equity- To promote prosperity and quality of life for

all, institutions should construct administrative acts that balance the
short-term needs of today’s generation with the longerterm needs of
future generations .
References:
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354691811_Public_Reorga
nization_in_the_Philippines
• https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-31
816-5_4348-1
• https://www.jstor.org/stable/1389023
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bureaucracy.asp
THANK YOU SO MUCH