Plane

Electromagnetic
Waves in Vacuum

By Prajwal L
USN:-1RR22EE022
• What is an Electromagnetic wave?
• Electromagnetic waves arise due to the dynamic interplay between
electric and magnetic fields.

• When electric charges accelerate or oscillate, they generate

changing electric fields. These changing electric fields, in turn,
induce magnetic fields. These self-sustaining electric and magnetic
fields then propagate through space, forming electromagnetic
waves.
 The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum is a
range of different types of
electromagnet includes various waves
like radio waves, microwaves, visible
light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and
gamma rays.
• These waves have different sizes
(wavelengths) and speeds
(frequencies).
• They have various uses in
communication, technology,
medical imaging, and more.
Radio Waves
• Used for radio Also used for TV signals, so we can watch television programs
broadcasting, which lets us listen to music, news, and shows
• Cell phones and smartphones use radio waves to make calls, send text messages, and
access the internet, helping us stay connected with friends, family, and the world.
• Wi-Fi routers , Bluetooth emit radio waves that enable wireless internet connections in
our phones for entertainment and for connection if devices nearby to connect to each
other
Micro Waves
• Radar technology, which uses microwaves, is used in aviation for air traffic control,
weather forecasting, and aircraft navigation
• In industrial settings, microwaves are used for heating processes like drying and curing.
They can efficiently heat specific materials without warming the surrounding
environment.
• The most well-known use of microwaves is in microwave ovens, which heat and cook
food quickly and efficiently.
X-Rays
• X-rays are extensively used in medicine
for diagnostic imaging. They help
doctors see inside our bodies,
diagnosing broken bones, detecting
dental issues,
• X-ray scanners are used at airports to
screen luggage and carry-on items.
They can detect prohibited items and
ensure passenger safety during air
travel
• X-rays are employed in archaeology to
examine artifacts and fossils without
damaging them. This helps researchers
.
gain insights into historical objects.
Ultraviolet Rays
• UV rays are used for disinfection and
sterilization in various settings, such as
water treatment plants, hospitals, and
laboratories. They can kill or deactivate
microorganisms, making water and surfaces
safer.
• UV rays are employed to check the
authenticity of documents, currency notes,
and IDs. Special UV-reflective inks and
features become visible under UV light,
helping prevent counterfeiting.
• UV rays are used in fluorescent lamps. The
UV light interacts with special coatings
 Properties of
Electromagneti
c Wave
From the above Graph we can write a relation
between electromagnetic field
That Is
•c = λf
Where
•C=speed of the wavelength(m/s)
•Λ=wavelength (meters)
•F = frequency of the wavelength((meters)
Looking at this we can say that the speed of the
light (c)is the product of the both wavelength
and frequency of the Electromagnetic wave
 Electric and Magnetic
Fields Relationship
• In a plane electromagnetic wave, there's a unique relationship between the electric field (E)
and the magnetic field (B).
• The electric field and the magnetic field are perpendicular to each other and also
perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
• This relationship is E = cB.
• "E" represents the electric field
• "B" represents the magnetic field
• "c" is the speed of light. (c = 3 x 10^8 m/s)
• The electric field strength is directly proportional to the magnetic field strength, with the
speed of light acting as the constant of proportionality.
Thank you