MICROWAVE

S
Mickhaella Jhey Paulo
Cathleen Basada
Skylan Nicole Abella
Crister Mariano
Sherwin Ya-o
MICROWAVES
Microwaves are defined as electromagnetic
radiations with a frequency ranging between 300
MHz to 300 GHz. In contrast, the wavelength
ranges from 1 mm to around 30 cm. Microwave
radiation is commonly referred to as microwaves.
They fall between infrared radiation and radio
waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.
 Who discovered Microwaves?
Heinrich Hertz became the first to
demonstrate the existence of such
waves by building an apparatus
that produced and detected
microwaves in the ultra high
frequency region.

Although microwaves were first

produced and studied in 1886 by
Hertz, their practical application
had to await the invention of
suitable generators, such as the
klystron and magnetron.
 Where do microwaves come from
naturally?
Microwaves can be manmade or
naturally occurring. Naturally
occurring sources of microwave
radiation include the stars and the
sun. Cosmic microwaves, known
as ''background radiation,'' are also
a natural source of microwaves.
Background radiation is
microwave radiation (heat) left
over from the Big Bang.
What is the purpose of microwaves?
They are used in communications,
radio astronomy, remote sensing,
radar, and of course, owing to their
heating application, they are used in
cooking as well. Why do mobile
phones use microwaves? Because
microwaves can even be generated
with the help of small antennas, so
mobile phones need not be of large
size.
SOURCES
Stars, including the Sun, are
natural microwave sources.
Under the right conditions,
atoms and molecules can emit
microwaves. Man-made sources
of microwaves include
microwave ovens, masers,
circuits, communication
transmission towers, and radar
USES
The uses of the microwave are similar to
that of radio waves. They are used in
communications, radio astronomy, remote
sensing, radar, and of course, owing to
their heating application, they are used in
cooking as well. Why do mobile phones
use microwaves? Because microwaves can
even be generated with the help of small
antennas, so mobile phones need not be of
large size.
ADVANTAGE

• Supports larger bandwidth and hence more information is transmitted.

For this reason, microwaves are used for point-to-point
communications.
• More antenna gain is possible.
• Higher data rates are transmitted as the bandwidth is more.
• Antenna size gets reduced, as the frequencies are higher.
• Low power consumption as the signals are of higher frequencies.
• Effect of fading gets reduced by using line of sight propagation.
• Provides effective reflection area in the radar systems.
• Satellite and terrestrial communications with high capacities are
possible.
• Low-cost miniature microwave components can be developed.
• Effective spectrum usage with wide variety of applications in all
available frequency ranges of operation.
DISADVANTAGE

• Weather interference - Heavy rain, snow, or fog can

interfere with microwave transmission and cause
disruptions in service.
• Line-of-sight requirement -
Microwave transmission
requires a clear line of sight between the
transmitter and receiver, which can be affected by
buildings or natural obstacles.
• Limited bandwidth - The amount of information that
can be sent through a microwave transmission is
limited by the available bandwidth.
• Health concerns - Some studies have suggested
that prolonged exposure to microwaves from
transmission towers could be harmful to human
health.
• Vulnerability to interference - Microwave
transmissions can be disrupted by other electronic
devices, such as radar systems or cell phones, that
operate on the same frequency.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING