Chemistry:

Scopes and
Perspectives
CHEM 022 (LECTURE) - LESSON 1
 Chemistry
• is a branch of natural science that deals principally •
with the properties of substances, the changes they
undergo, and the natural laws that describe these
changes.
 Chemistry
• is a science that deals with the composition,
structure, and properties of matter, the changes in
structure and composition that matter undergoes,
and the accompanying energy changes. This includes
the chemical processes and phenomena of atoms,
compounds, and substances including biological
substances.
 Fields of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
is the study of carbon but it is also known as the study of
the chemistry of life. The vital biological molecules in living
systems are largely organic compounds. Organic chemistry
could also be considered the study of molecules containing the
carbon-hydrogen bond and their reactions.
 Fields of Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
focuses on structures that do not contain carbon. Most
commonly these structures include oxygen, silicon,
aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium and magnesium. Inorganic
chemistry also studies synthesis, reactions, structures and
properties of compounds.
 Fields of Chemistry
Biochemistry
is where science is applied to the study of living
organisms and the chemical processes within them. It is a
laboratory-based science that brings together biology and
chemistry. By using chemical knowledge and techniques,
biochemists can understand and solve biological problems.
 Fields of Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
studies the chemical composition of materials. It also
develops the tools used to examine chemical compositions. It
involves wet lab chemistry as well as the use of
instrumentation. Analytical chemistry is important in science,
engineering, medicine, and industry.
 Fields of Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
is the study of how materials behave on a molecular and atomic
level and how chemical reactions occur. Based on their analyses,
physical chemists develop new theories, such as the formation of
complex structures. Physical chemists often work with material
scientists to research and develop uses for new materials. Physical
chemists focus on understanding the physical properties of atoms and
molecules and the way chemical reactions work.
 Branches of Physical
Chemistry
Thermodynamics
deals with the relation
between heat, work, energy, and
temperature. Also,
Thermodynamics studies the
dynamic nature of heat, or we can
say the transfer of energy from
place to place and change in its
form.
 Branches of Physical
Chemistry
Photochemistry
studies the chemical effects of
light. Usually, the term
Photochemistry defines a chemical
reaction occurred due to absorption
of UV, Visible light or Infrared
radiations.
 Branches of Physical
Chemistry
Quantum Chemistry
focus on the applications of
quantum mechanics in various
physical models and different
experiments of chemistry. This
branch is also famous with the
name quantum mechanics.
 Branches of Physical
Chemistry
Electrochemistry studies the
movement of electrons due to
various chemical processes. The
movement of electrons is known as
electricity. Also, electricity is
generated from the displacement of
electrons from one element to
another in a reaction known as a
redox reaction.
 Branches of Physical
Chemistry
Material chemistry
known as solid state
chemistry. It is a study of structure,
synthesis and different property of
solid materials.
 Branches of Physical
Chemistry
Biophysical chemistry
involves the concepts of
physics and chemistry together to
research biological systems.
THE END
MATTER
MATTER
Anything that
has weight and
occupies space.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. Physical State of Matter

2. Composition of Matter
STATES OF
MATTER
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID 1. has both a
definite shape and a
definite volume

2. molecules are
held tightly together
 STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID 1. has distinct volume
independent of its
container,
2. the molecules are
packed closely together
but still
move rapidly.
STATES OF MATTER
GAS 1. has no fixed volume
or shape; rather, it
uniformly fills its
container.
2. can be compressed to
occupy a smaller
volume, or it can
expand to occupy a
larger one.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. Pure Substance

2. Mixture
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. Pure Substance
are a classification of matter made up
of all the same type of atom, all the same
molecules, or all the same ionically
bonded elements.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. Pure Substance
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. Mixture
is composed of two or more types of
matter that can be present in varying
amounts and can be separated by
physical changes, such as evaporation,
filtration, etc
THE END