MET 3: Properties

of Written Text
 Quick Activity!
Bikini Bottom Squad is reading a text about Corporations,
the problem is, the organization of the text seems to be
the problem. For them to understand the text fully, they
need our help in organizing it.
As you read the rumbled sequence of ideas/information,
you will be able to discover if the text is sensible or not.
The first to finish will be earning points. 30, 20, 15, and
10 points, respectively.
Review!
Corporations are owned by a group of people called
stockholders. To begin with, there are two kinds of
stockholders or shareholders namely: Initial Stockholders and
Investors/Stockholders. Initial Stockholders are the group of
people who started the corporation. They are the ones who
invested a certain amount of money to start and build the
operations of the corporation. Second are the investors or
simply stockholders, who invest money to receive profit from
the corporation in the form of dividends. Also, the money
invested is used to help and support the business entity and its
operations.
Review!
Likewise, Stockholders like these can be classified into two namely:
Major Stockholders and Minor Stockholders. Major stockholders are the
people who own a large portion of the corporation around 15-50% and
above. They are expected to be more active with the corporation since
they carry a huge weight of the corporation. Next, are the Minor
Stockholders, who own small portions of the corporation which is
around 10% and below. The amount and percentage of ownership can
be matched with the number of stocks owned by the stockholder over a
corporation. When a Stockholder buys a portion of the Corporation,
he/she will receive what is known as a Stock Certificate. This certificate
shows the number of stocks taken, the cost of each stock and other
information about the stockholder (Gahol, 2011).
From the activity, what do you
think now is the first property of
well-written text?
a. Arrange a written text in chronological
order;
b. Create own organized, coherent, and
cohesive text;
c. Identify the features of O,C,C in a well
written-text; and
d. Reflect how these two properties may help
you as a student.
 What is
Writing?
Writing is used to express ideas and
thoughts through a readable form.
The big question here is how
do you understand a text?
 ORGANIZATI
It is also known as arrangement, is achieved when
ideas are logicallyON
and accurately arranged with a
focus on the arrangement of ideas, incidents,
evidence, or details in a definite order in a
paragraph, essay, or speech.
 ORGANIZATI
It can be done with a recognizable plan that
ONconnection to the other
defines one sentence
sentence and paragraph to the other
paragraph.
Techniques of
Organization
Sequential, Spatial,
Complexity, Listing Order
Sequential Order
● It is a technique in arranging the text observing
the chronological order or time, process or
sequence, and narration of events by using signal
words
 Spatial Order
● This is another technique in organizing the
paragraph pertaining to space, position, or
location of people or things by using signal words
Complexity Order
● This technique in organizing compositions refers
to the logical order from simple to complex,
inductive to deductive, cause and effect, and
problem and solution to help the writers explain
their ideas.
● This can also be done by defining and illustrating.
 Listing Order
● It means the ordering of ideas following the
alphabet (from A to Z)
● This can also be done by enumerating ideas
through numbers in ascending order and
descending order.
Exercise
Direction: Identify the kinds of order (sequential, spatial, complexity, and listing)
that can be applied in these topics.

______________ 1. Testimony of a breast cancer survivor

______________ 2. Poster on how to do the proper handwashing
______________ 3. Authors, books, and articles listed in the references
of a research paper
______________ 4. Steps on how to cook scrambled eggs
______________ 5. List of the symptoms of covid-19 virus
______________ 6. Regions and provinces under Enhanced Community
Quarantine (ECQ) and General Community Quarantine (GCQ)
______________ 7. causes and effects of lockdown on the economy
Review
Instructions: Choose the best order and
sequence of the following sentences to
form a well-organized paragraph. Each item
has 2 points to be earned for Easy part and
5 points for the Average part.
Easy
A. While passport, airline tickets and valid IDs are required,
proof of financial capacity may be required for visa
application.
B. Many Filipinos rejoiced hearing that good news.
C. The Bureau of Immigration announced recently that proof
of financial capacity is not a primary requirement at the
airport.
D. Positive points go to the bureau for this.
1. CBAD 2. CADB
3. CABD 4. CBDA
 CBDA
The Bureau of Immigration announced recently
that proof of financial capacity is not a primary
requirement at the airport. Many Filipinos
rejoiced hearing that good news. Positive points
go to the bureau for this. While passport, airline
tickets and valid IDs are required, proof of
financial capacity may be required for visa
application.
A. This will be one of your tickets to land a job in the
government.
B. That is why many people apply to take the Career
Service examination.
C. If you passed the exam, you would get a certificate
of eligibility.
D. Career Service Eligibility is a major requirement to
apply for a job position in the government.
1. DCBA 2. DBAC
3. DBCA 4. DCAB
 DCAB
Career Service Eligibility is a major
requirement to apply for a job position in the
government. If you passed the exam, you would
get a certificate of eligibility. This will be one of
your tickets to land a job in the government.
That is why many people apply to take the
Career Service examination.
A. Your passport will arrive in 7 days if you
choose the rush processing.
B. Getting a passport is faster nowadays.
C. Now, it only takes about 10 working days.
D. Compared before, it would take about a
month for the regular processing.
1. BCAD 2. BDCA
3. BADC 4. BACD
 BDCA
Getting a passport is faster nowadays.
Compared before, it would take about a
month for the regular processing. Now, it
only takes about 10 working days. Your
passport will arrive in 7 days if you choose
the rush processing.
A. Facebook has been the number one social network in the
web and the world for quite long now.
B. Mobile instant messaging apps are also dominating
social presence on the internet.
C. After many acquisitions, Facebook bought Instagram,
one of the fastest growing photo sharing networks.
D. Because of that, Facebook acquired WhatsApp, a leading
instant chat platform like Kakaotalk.
1. ACBD 2. ABCD
3. ADCB 4. ADBC
 ACBD
Facebook has been the number one social network in
the web and the world for quite long now. After many
acquisitions, Facebook bought Instagram, one of the
fastest growing photo sharing networks. Mobile
instant messaging apps are also dominating social
presence on the internet. Because of that, Facebook
acquired WhatsApp, a leading instant chat platform
like Kakaotalk.
A. They will help you to purchase through zero-interest
installment schemes.
B. Thus, you must be wise and pay in full if you want to
avoid never-ending debts.
C. Credit cards are helpful if you know how and when to
use them wisely.
D. However, they will produce interests from interests if
you didn’t pay the whole amount at the due date.
1.CDBA 2. CABD
3. CDAB 4. CADB
 CADB
Credit cards are helpful if you know how and when to
use them wisely. They will help you to purchase
through zero-interest installment schemes. However,
they will produce interests from interests if you didn’t
pay the whole amount at the due date. Thus, you must
be wise and pay in full if you want to avoid never-
ending debts.
Average

A. One effective way is to diversify his funds to different

investments like real estate, stocks and money instruments
like bonds and trust funds.
B. It is always best to expand money to different investment
wheels.
C. A wise investor must not put all his eggs in one basket.
D. He should always consider the risks involved in
investing his money.
 CDAB
A wise investor must not put all his eggs in one
basket. He should always consider the risks
involved in investing his money. One effective
way is to diversify his funds to different
investments like real estate, stocks and money
instruments like bonds and trust funds. It is
always best to expand money to different
investment wheels.
A. It is very vital to have social media presence
however personal blogs serve as web domains.
B. Most people including celebrities and businessmen
have blogs nowadays.
C. Therefore, building them will help anyone in
promoting himself or his business.
D. Apparently blogs are like our offices only they are
in the internet.
 BADC
Most people including celebrities and
businessmen have blogs nowadays. It is very
vital to have social media presence however
personal blogs serve as web domains. Apparently,
blogs are like our offices only they are on the
internet. Therefore, building them will help
anyone in promoting himself or his business.
A. The basic steps in building a website are easy to
remember and registering a domain name is the usual
priority.
B. Designing a layout will come after that.
C. Finally, adding more content and social media
presence are required to keep your site active.
D. Then you need a hosting provider to host your site’s
content in the World Wide Web.
 ADBC
The basic steps in building a website are easy to
remember and registering a domain name is the
usual priority. Then you need a hosting provider
to host your site’s content in the World Wide
Web. Designing a layout will come after that.
Finally, adding more content and social media
presence are required to keep your site active.
A. Speaking in English every day is also proven
effective.
B. Another way is watching English movies and
TV shows particularly with English subtitles.
C. Reading articles in books, newspapers, and
magazines is just among the helpful ways.
D. There are many ways to improve and
develop English proficiency.
 DCBA
There are many ways to improve and develop
English proficiency. Reading articles in books,
newspapers, and magazines is just among the
helpful ways. Another way is watching English
movies and TV shows particularly with English
subtitles. Speaking in English every day is also
proven effective.
A. Others don’t realize yet what to pursue
because they have many dreams.
B. Finding the right course in college is one of
the most challenging decisions anyone can
make.
C. Some people want to pursue their dreams
ever since they were just little.
D. Indeed destiny is a matter of choice.
 BCAD
Finding the right course in college is one of the
most challenging decisions anyone can make.
me people want to pursue their dreams ever
since they were just little. Others don’t realize
yet what to pursue because they have many
dreams. Indeed, destiny is a matter of choice.
Paragraph Organization Techniques:
1. Find the topic sentence. It usually contains the main idea
or the main topic
2. Next find the supporting sentences that support that topic
sentence.
3. Find the concluding sentence or the closing sentence. It
usually the final thought or conclusion and marks the end
of the article, paragraph or story.
I do not wish to deny that the flattened, minuscule head of
the large-bodied "stegosaurus" houses little brain from our
subjective, top-heavy perspective, but I do wish to assert
that we should not expect more of the beast. First of all,
large animals have relatively smaller brains than related,
small animals. The correlation of brain size with body
size among kindred animals (all reptiles, all mammals, for
example) is remarkably regular.
As we move from small to large animals, from mice to elephants
or small lizards to Komodo dragons, brain size increases, but not
so fast as body size. In other words, bodies grow faster than
brains, and large animals have low ratios of brain weight to body
weight. In fact, brains grow only about two-thirds as fast as
bodies. Since we have no reason to believe that large animals are
consistently stupider than their smaller relatives, we must
conclude that large animals require relatively less brain to do as
well as smaller animals. If we do not recognize this relationship,
we are likely to underestimate the mental power of very large
animals, dinosaurs.
Cohesion and
Coherence
Cohesion
 comes from the Latin word cohaerere, or “to cleave together.”
 Cohesive writing does not mean just “grammatically correct”
sentences
 cohesive writing refers to the connection of your ideas both at
the sentence level and at the paragraph level
 In a cohesive paragraph, every sentence builds on the
information in the previous sentence.
There are many ways to improve and develop
English proficiency. Reading articles in books,
newspapers, and magazines is just among the
helpful ways. Another way is watching English
movies and TV shows particularly with English
subtitles. Speaking in English every day is also
proven effective.
Coherence
 Coherence comes from a Latin word meaning “to stick
together“
 refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage, including
both the main point of sentences and the main point of each
paragraph.
 A coherent passage focuses the reader’s attention on the
main ideas and the specific people, things, and events you
are writing about.
Essay of John Raley
Bautista
 COHESION
Three methods:
- use of synonyms or related terms
- use of transitional devices or signal words
- use of pronouns
1. Use of Synonyms or related terms
The use of synonyms and related keywords will
make your text much easier to read. In that
sense, your reader will be able to understand
and remember your viewpoint or arguments
about your subject matter.
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing.
It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks
together', which will make it easier for the reader to
follow the main ideas in your academic writing. You
can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five
important features. The first of these is repeated
words. The second key feature is reference words. The
third one is transition signals. The fourth is
substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing.
It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks
together', which will make it easier for the reader to
follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can
achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five
important features. The first of these is repeated
words. The second key feature is reference words. The
third one is transition signals. The fourth is
substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
Numerous lawyers have proven that global warming is
a dangerous. Firstly, they believe it has accelerated and
is becoming ever more unpredictable. These lawyers
believe a global solution is needed, but unfortunately,
the globe still consists of individual players (i.e.,
nation-states). Furthermore, evidence is mounting
proving its severity, yet the lawyers are painfully aware
of the lack of action from governments.
Numerous lawyers have proven that global warming is
a dangerous. Firstly, they believe it has accelerated and
is becoming ever more unpredictable. These legal
experts believe a global solution is needed, but
unfortunately, the globe still consists of individual
players (i.e., nation-states). Furthermore, evidence is
mounting proving its severity, yet the law practitioners
are painfully aware of the lack of action from
governments.
Should we or should we not
use the same words in two
sentences consecutively?
2. use of transitional devices or signal
words
Transition signals or signal words show the
relationship between ideas by linking
sentences together so that there are no
abrupt shifts or interruptions between
ideas.
Giving emphasis:
definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact,
indeed, in any case, absolutely,
unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly,
undeniably
To compare
whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however,
nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison,
where, compared to, up against, balanced
against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely,
meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this
may be true
Summarizing
in brief, on the whole (overall), summing up, to
conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I
have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as
a result, consequently
Giving examples
for example, for instance, in this case, in
another case, on this occasion, in this situation,
take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as
an illustration, to illustrate
Adding similar points
and, again, and then, besides, equally
important, finally, further, furthermore, nor,
too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in
addition
3. Use of Pronouns
3. Use of Pronouns
Rodrigo Duterte is the 16th President of the Republic
of the Philippines. Aside from that, Rodrigo Duterte
also served as Davao City’s Mayor for an extended
period. Rodrigo Duterte is also known by the
populace as an adamant leader.

Rodrigo Duterte is the 16th President of the

Republic of the Philippines. Aside from
that, he also served as Davao City’s Mayor
for an extended period. He is also known by
the populace as an adamant leader.
 Coherence
concerned with the macro level features of a text,
such as topic sentences, supporting details, and
the summary in the concluding paragraph
There are several serious health hazards directly linked to
smoking. The link between smoking and cancer is well
known. As well smoking is linked to other lung diseases like
emphysema and bronchitis. Smokers also have a greater
risk of heart disease later in life. This is evidenced in recent
court cases in the USA where smokers have been awarded
damages from tobacco companies. Further, there is
substantial research that even passive smoking can have
long term effects on health. Clearly smoking is a dangerous
habit and should be avoided.
Coherent but not Cohesive

My favorite color is blue. I'm calm

and relaxed. In the summer I lie on
the grass and look up.
 Cohesive but not Coherent
“My favorite color is blue. Blue sports cars go
very fast. Driving in this way is dangerous and
can cause many car crashes. I had a car
accident once and broke my leg. I was very sad
because I had to miss a holiday in Europe
because of the injury."
 Coherent and Cohesive
My favorite color is blue. I like it because it is
calming, and it relaxes me. I often go outside in
the summer and lie on the grass and look into the
clear sky when I am stressed. For this reason, I'd
have to say my favorite color is blue
 Coherent and Cohesive
Bullying is something that can be prevented by the
students, and this must be handled by parents and
school staff. Parents and teachers can help children
understand what bullying is and explain to the children
that bullying is bad while the teachers too should get
involved directly and educate children on the harmful
effects that might bullying can cause to someone.
Activity will be
on the next
meeting.
There are three components to a typical modern catalytic converter; one to
affect the reduction of nitrogen oxides, another to facilitate the oxidation of
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and to maintain the correct abundance of
oxygen.
In the first stage, the nitrogen oxides are reduced using a platinum catalyst,
which facilitates their decomposition into nitrogen and oxygen. In the next
stage, the carbon fragments are oxidized over a platinum/rhodium catalyst.
Finally, the correct amount of oxygen is ensured by monitoring the amount of
oxygen passing into the engine, and by incorporating into the catalyst a metal
oxide that absorbs oxygen (by reacting with it to form a higher oxide) when the
fuel mixture has too much oxygen and reverts to the lower oxide, releasing
oxygen, when the mixture has too little (Atkins. P.W, 1991).