Transgenic

organism

Dr. Namita Ashish Singh

Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology,
MLSU, Udaipur
 Introduction

trans = other
Transgenic
genic= genes

Combining genes from different organisms is known as recombinant DNA

technology, and the resulting organism is said to be "genetically modified,"
"genetically engineered," or "transgenic

 Genetically modified products, include medicines, vaccines, foods and

food ingredients

 Genetically modified organisms are used for fighting against diseases ,

producing proteins etc
Method of producing transgenic
plant
 Drug-Producing
Chicken
• Chickens are simpler and more
efficient for producing
pharmaceutical proteins
• We produce an egg that contains
an antibody against a virus of the
gut
• Children will eat the egg white and
the antibody will protect them from
developing a diarrhoeal disease
Transgenic cows
• Transgenic cows carrying extra
copies of two types of casein genes
produce 13 % extra milk
• Rosie was the 1st transgenic cow ,
born in 1997
• Produced human protein enriched
milk at 2.4 g/lt contain human gene
α lactalbumin
 Aedes
Glo Fish
• World's 1st commercially •
Mosquito
Males that are genetically
available transgenic animal altered to be sterile are
• Have fluorescent proteins released into the wild. These
extracted from jellyfish infertile mosquitoes mate with
• Originally for studying water females and produce no
pollutants - insert genes for offspring, reducing the
proteins that would fluoresce in mosquito population.
the presence of certain • Fight mosquito-mediated
contaminants diseases
 Cancer-resistant
Mouse
• A mouse that was resistant to
spontaneous and artificially
induced tumors due to the
insertion of a gene that codes for
a protein called Par-4.
• This protein specifically kills
cancer cells without affecting
normal cells
Medicinal
Eggs
• Breed of genetically modified
hens that produce cancer-
fighting medicines in their eggs.
• The animals have human genes
added to their DNA so that
human proteins are secreted
into the whites of their eggs,
similar to drugs used to treat
skin cancer and other diseases
Pollution-fighting plants
• Absorb groundwater pollutants
through their roots. The plants then
break the pollutants down into
harmless by products
• In laboratory tests, the transgenic
plants are able to remove as much
as 91% of trichloroethylene — the
most common groundwater
contaminant at U.S.
FLAVR SVR
Tomato
• 1stcommercially grown genetically
engineered food to be granted a
license for human consumption
• The tomato was made more resistant
to rotting by adding
an antisense gene
• The FDA approved the Flavr Savr in
1994; however, the tomatoes were so
delicate that they were difficult to
transport, and they were off the
market by 1997
 Benefits
Crops Animals
 Enhanced taste and quality  Increased resistance, productivity and
feed efficiency
 Reduced maturation time
 Better yields of meat, eggs, and milk
 Increased nutrients, yields, and stress
tolerance  Improved animal health and diagnostic
methods
 Improved resistance to disease, pests, and
herbicides
 New products and growing techniques

Environment Society
 "Friendly" bioherbicides and  Increased food security for growing
bioinsecticides populations
 Conservation of soil, water, and energy
 Better natural waste management
 Issues for human
health
 Allergic Reaction. People are allergic to different things and when
they use genetic modified crops it might add certain traits from one
organism to another that could cause a allergic reaction.

 Gene Transfer. Gene transfer from GM foods to cells of the body

or to gastrointestinal bacteria would cause concern if the transferred
genetic material adversely affects human health, eg. If antibiotic
resistance genes, used in creating GMOs, were to be transferred
Thank you