Industrial Safety

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

 The Content of the Book

Unit 1 : Introduction to Industrial Safety.

Unit 2 : The Workplace.
Unit 3 : Slips and Trips.
Unit 4 : Fire Safety.
Unit 5 : Working at Height.
Unit 11: Harmful, Flammable and Explosive Surfaces
Unit 12: Safe Ways of Working.
Unit 13: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

2
 Unit One
Introduction to Industrial Safety
Millions of workers die, get injured or fall ill every year due to workplace hazards including:
 Falling down stairs.
 Slipping on wet floors.
 Hitting or being hit by objects.
 Breathing in dangerous fumes.
 Getting an electric shock and getting burnt or killed in a fire.
 Improving occupational health and safety is in the best interests of both employers and
employees.
3
Examples of Hazard In the Workplace

4
Examples of Hazard In the Workplace

5
Examples of Hazard In the Workplace

6
Content of Unit One : Introduction to Industrial Safety

• Definitions.
• Responsibilities.
• Good Housekeeping.

7
 Definitions of Safety Terms

Health: the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, meaning to
be free from illness, injury or pain.

Health and Safety: The protection of safety, health and welfare of people.

Hazard: Anything that might cause harm.

Risk: The chance of harm.

8
Hazard: Anything that might cause harm.

Change to English

9
Risk: The chance of harm.

Change to English

10
11
Where is the hazard and risk?

Nail

Nails on the ground

12
 Where is the hazard and risk?

Broken Glass on the ground Broken Glass

13
Where is the hazard and risk?

14
 Health and safety responsibilities
Health and safety at work is everyone's responsibility.
 Employers have responsibilities towards you.

 You have responsibilities towards yourself, your employer and your co-workers.

 Your employer is responsible for making sure that the workplace is safe, and that

 Your health and safety are not at risk.

 You are responsible for looking after your own health and safety. You must also

 Take care, not to put yourself and other people at risk 15

Lather Welding Smith Carpenter

16
You could put other people at risk by:
 Acting in an unsafe manner.
 Not following agreed safe work practices.
 Not reporting a situation which could result in hurting someone.
 To ensure the safety of yourself and others, you must know the Correct Safety
procedures at your place of work.

17
You must:

 Listen very carefully and understand safety

information provided by your employer.

 If you're not sure about how to perform any task

safely - ASK.

18
Employers must:

 Protect the health, safety and welfare of their employees.

 Provide and maintain equipment and work systems which are safe
and healthy.

19
 Deal with substances, such as chemicals safely.
Provide information, instructions, training and supervision.

Maintain safe and healthy workplaces with the necessary facilities.

Ensure that visitors and members of the public are not put to unnecessary risk

from the workplace activities.

20
Employees must:

 Take care of their own health and safety at work.

 Take care of the health and safety of others.
 Co-operate with their employer.
 Not misuse or interfere with anything provided for health and
safety purposes.

21
 Revision
Who define the Health?
Who define the Hazard?
Who define the Risk?
Health & Safety at work for Who?
You could put other people at risk by ?
If you are not sure about how to perform any task
safety what you do?
What you do for health & safety at work? 22
Why should we pay attention to good housekeeping at work?

 Good housekeeping can eliminate some workplace hazards.

 Poor housekeeping can contribute to accidents by hiding hazards that

cause injuries.

23
Why should we pay attention to good housekeeping at work?

 Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat

and ordered.
 maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip hazards and removing
waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard).
 Good housekeeping is also a basic part of accident and fire prevention.

24
 Unit Two
The Workplace

25
You can understand how to create comfortable
working conditions for users through:

1) Good workplace design.

2) You covers how to train staff to use Display Screen

Equipment (DSE) safely.

3) You knows some of the comfort methods such as the

lighting level, temperature degree, ventilation, and
enough space for work. 26
A safe place to work:
1) Buildings that are in good repair.
2) The workplace and any equipment are well maintained.
3) Has enough space for safe movement and access.
4) Safety glazing, if necessary.

27
A safe place to work:
5) Floors, corridors, and stairs are free from obstruction.
6) Weather protection for outdoor workplaces.

28
Lighting should include:
 Good light, using natural light where possible.
 Good level of local lighting at workstations.
 Suitable forms of lighting; some fluorescent tubes flicker and can be
dangerous when rotating machinery are present.
 Special fittings for flammable or explosive atmospheres.
 Well-lit stairs and corridors.

29
Movement
To safely move around the premises there should be:

 Safe paths for pedestrians and vehicles.

 Level, even surfaces.
 Hand rails on stairs and ramps where necessary.
 Safe doors, vision panels in swing doors and sensitive edges on power doors.
 Surfaces which are not slippery.
 Well-lit outside areas.

30
 Workstations
Workstations should:

 Along with seating, fit the worker and the work.

 Have backrests that support the back.
 Have foot rests if necessary.
 Have work surfaces at suitable heights.
 Have easy access to controls on equipment.

31
Display Screen Equipment (DSE)

 The screens should be at the correct height and angle for the operator.

 Breaks should be taken to rest the eyes.

32
33
‫طريقة الجلوس الصحية أمام الكمبيوتر‬

‫‪34‬‬
Comfortable Conditions Work Conditions should include:

Local heating or cooling to maintain a reasonable working temperature.

Good ventilation.

Heating systems that do not give off dangerous fumes in the workplace.

Enough space to work.

35
 Toilets and Washing Facilities

The facilities should include:

Clean, well-ventilated toilets.

Wash basins with hot and cold Water.

 Soap and towels (or hand driers).

Showers for dirty work areas.

36
 Unit Three
Slips and trips

37
 Introduction
Although they might not sound serious slips and trips account for a third
of all major injuries reported in the workplace.
But the good news is that slips and trips can be easily prevented.
So the trainee can know how to prevent slips and trips safely and in the
right way to avoid injuries in the future

38
Basic Requirements for Preventing Slips and Trips

1) Floors must not have holes or slopes or be uneven or slippery.

slopes uneven slippery

holes
39
Basic Requirements for Preventing Slips and Trips

2) Floors in the workplace must be kept free from obstructions and any article
or substance that may cause a person to slip or trip.

40
41
Causes of Slips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

1) Wet or contaminated floors.

2) Maintain equipment to prevent leaks.

42
Causes of Slips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

3) Keep floors dry.

4) Control process to prevent splashes and spillages.

43
Causes of Slips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

5) Walkway contamination.

6) Stop water and dust getting walked in.

7) Have messy activities away from walkways.

8) If floor contamination happens deal with it.

44
Causes of Slips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

9) Poor grip.

10) A floor gets its grip from its surface roughness.

11) If required, treat floors with non-slip paint or similar.

45
Causes of Slips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

12) Unsuitable footwear.

13) If required, wear non-slip footwear (PPE). Wear sensible shoes/boots.

14) Poor lighting, shadows and glare make it difficult to see where you are going.

46
47
Causes of Trips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

1) Damaged floor surfaces.

2) Look out for damaged or uneven floor surfaces. Report them to your Supervisor.

3) Trailing cables and pipes.

4) Look out for trailing cables or pipes. Report to your Supervisor if you cannot deal with

them yourself.

48
Causes of Trips and How to prevent and Deal with Them

5) Obstructions in walkways. Move them or report to the supervisor

6) Slippy and damaged carpets and mats. Report them to your supervisor

7) Running. Do not run in the Workplace, stop people if you see them running.

8) Poor lighting. Report broken or unserviceable lights

49
Report to your Supervisor if you cannot deal
with them yourself.

50
Unit Four
Fire safety

51
 The Fire Triangle

Take away one element and fire will not happen

52
53
https://youtu.be/wxbMvhcGMTc 54
55
Sources of Fuel
Fuel
Flammable liquids
Petrol
Paint
Wood
Paper
Plastic
Rubber
Foam
LPG
Packaging materials
Waste rubbish
Furniture
56
 Sources of Oxygen
Oxygen
Air around us
Oxidizing materials
Oxygen cylinders

57
Sources of Ignition
Ignition
Heaters
Lighting
Naked flames
Electrical equipment
Welding
Grinding
Smoker's materials
Sparks
58
59
https://youtu.be/ReL-DM9xhpI 60
 Fire Extinguishers

Types of fire:

A- Ordinary combustible – Wood, Paper, Textiles

B- Liquids: Oil, Petrol, Paints
C- Flammable Gases
D- Flammable media e.g. .plastic, nylon
E- Electrical
F- Cooking Oils, Fats etc. 61
Fire Extinguishers:

62
Fire Extinguishers:

63
64
65
66
67
‫فحص طفايات الحريق‬

‫‪68‬‬
69
https://youtu.be/PQV71INDaqY 70
Other Types of Fire Fighting Equipment

71
Fire Protection Systems

72
Fire Blanket

73
‫استخدام بطانية الحر يق‬
‫(حريق الموقد)‬

‫‪74‬‬
‫استخدام بطانية الحر يق‬
‫(اشتعال مالبس شخص)‬

‫‪75‬‬
Fire Hydrants Fire Bucket

76
 Ways a fire can start

 Gas cooker
 Portable heater
 Ashtray/Smoking
 Magazine & card rack
 Stack of newspaper on counter

77
What would you do to reduce the risk of fire?
Measures to prevent or reduce the risk of fire
 Gas cooker replaced with a microwave
 Torch provided in the back room
 Smoke detector fitted
 Enough suitable storage shelving
provided
 Desk now facing the door
 Portable heater replaced with fixed
electric radiator.
 Smoking not allowed
 Extinguisher provided
Did you get the same? 78
Action to be taken on discovering a fire

Unless you have been trained to operate fire extinguishers do not fight the fire.

The actions to take vary from country to country.

79
It is typical of the UK.
What actions should you
take where you are?

“Stop Using Elevators”

80
81
Action to be taken on hearing a fire alarm
• The actions to be taken depend on where you are.

• You should get training on the actions to take.

82
Do you know what the fire
alarm sounds like?

Where is the assembly point?

83
84
 Unit Five
Working at Height

85
Definition:

Working in a place (except a staircase in a permanent work place)

where a person could be injured by falling from it, even if it is at
below ground level.

86
Possible hazards caused by working at height

The list is based on common sense and is not exhaustive:

Falling from height even very low level.
Falling tools or equipment.
Injury caused by not wearing PPE.

87
Scaffolds:
Scaffolds provide the safest work platforms but they must be erected
and dismantled by trained personnel.

88
 Ladders and Stepladders

Ladders
1) Ladders should only be used for low risk tasks of short duration. Less than 6 meters
2) high, light work, no significant sideways movement and keep a secure handhold.
3) Position the ladders so the bottom will not slip outwards (1 in 4 rules).
4) Secure ladders to prevent movement.
5) The top of the ladder should be rested against a solid surface.
6) Always grip the ladder when climbing.
7) Do not stand on the top 3 rungs.
8) Do not carry heavy items. 89
90
91
 Ladders and Stepladders

Stepladders
1) Use stepladders on a firm, horizontal base.
2) Ensure they are long enough for the task.
3) Open the legs out fully.
4) Avoid side-on working.
5) Do not overreach.

92
93
 Unit Eleven

Harmful, Flammable and Explosive Surfaces

94
 Hazards associated with harmful substances

 Many materials that people work with contain substances that can harm
their health.

 Dust, gases or fumes that you breathe in.

 Liquids or powders that come into contact with your eyes and skin.

 The harmful effects can either be immediate such as dizziness or

stinging eyes or can

take years to develop such damage to your lungs. 95

 Three ways in which chemicals can enter the body
 Coming into contact with the skin or eyes either directly through the skin
or into cuts or through clothing.

 Breathing in dusts, gases and fumes which quickly enter the bloodstream
through the lungs.

 Swallowing contaminated food or drink or even worse drinking a chemical

improperly labelled or in a normal drink container,

96
 ‫تدخل المواد الكيميائية لجسم اإلنسان عن طريق أربعة طرق هي‪:‬‬

‫االمتصاص‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬الحقن‬ ‫البلع‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اإلستنشاق‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫(من خالل الجلد‬ ‫(األنسجة)‬ ‫)عبر الفم(‬ ‫)عبر التنفس(‬
‫والعينين)‬
Ways to reduce risks from harmful substances

 Have Control measures.

 Change the process.
 Containment.
 Training
 Local and general ventilation.
 Provision of PPE.
 Have good changing and washing facilities.
98
 Hazards associated with flammable
and explosive substances

 Some gases, liquids and solids can cause explosions or fire.

 Common materials may burn violently at high temperatures in

oxygen rich condition, e.g. when a gas cylinder is leaking.

 Some dusts form a cloud which will explode when ignited.

 Some flammable liquids and substances are also corrosive or toxic.

99
 Ways to reduce the risks from flammable
and explosive substances

 Do the job another way.

 Have good storage that will keep all chemicals, flammable
liquids, flammable solids and gases etc. away from each other.
 Have good control measures.

100
Why should these items be stored in isolation?

101
 ‫استخدام اآلمن ألسطوانات الغاز‬
‫هو غاز بترولي مسال يحول الى سائل تحت ضغط وحرارة معينة لتجميع أكبر كمية له في حيز إسطونة‬
‫متنقلة‪ .‬ويكون بدون رائحة وتضاف مادة تميزه وتعطيه رائحة‪.‬‬
‫اغالق الصمام عند عدم‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫مكان آمن‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫الحاجة‬
‫تأكد ان جميع مفاتيح مواقد الغاز‬ ‫ان يك‪i‬ون بعي‪i‬دا عن متن‪i‬اول األطف‪i‬ال و المم‪i‬رات‬
‫والط‪i‬رق ‪ .‬يفض‪i‬ل حفظه‪i‬ا خ‪i‬ارج ال‪i‬بيت في مك‪i‬ان‬
‫مغلقة بعد االستخدام‬ ‫جيد التهوية‬
‫وبعي‪iii‬دًا عن أش‪iii‬عة الش‪iii‬مس المباش‪iii‬رة‪ .‬يجب‬
‫وضعه بشكل رأسي‪.‬‬

‫تركيب فاصل‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫الغاز التلقائي‬
‫لمنع التسريب‬
‫سالمة التمديدات‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫من التلف والتشققات‬
‫والتسريب‬

‫فحص دوري‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫عدم تع‪iii‬رض التمدي‪iii‬دات للح‪iii‬رارة و اس‪iii‬تخدم‬

‫التأكد أن جميع عيون المواقد و الفرن غير‬
‫مسدودة‪ .‬قم بإصالح التسرب فورا وأستبدل‬
‫األجزاء المعطوبة‪.‬‬
‫رغ‪ii‬وة الم‪ii‬اء و الص‪ii‬ابون لفحص تس‪ii‬رب الغ‪ii‬از‬
‫مع كل عملية تبديل لألسطوانة‬
‫يفض‪iii‬ل األف‪iii‬ران الكهربائي‪iii‬ة الدوار العلي‪iii‬ا لتجنب ألم‬
‫الظهر باألخص عند عدم وجود مصعد‪.‬‬
 ‫ماذا تفعل عن تسريب الغاز؟‬
‫أغلق صمام الغاز إذا‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.‬كان ذلك ممكنا‬
‫قم بتهوية الغرفة‬
‫بفتح النوافذ‬
‫واألبواب بهدوء‬
‫ال تشعل أعواد الثقاب‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫االكتفاء بالتهوية الطبيعية وال تشغل مراوح‬ ‫والسجائر أو أي‬
‫والمكيف لتفادي شرار‬ ‫مصدر للنار‪.‬‬

‫غادر المنزل مع جميع‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.‬أفراد عائلتك‬

‫اتصل على الدفاع المدني ‪. 998‬‬ ‫عدم إشعال‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫المصابيح أو أي‬
‫مفتاح كهربائي‬

‫لمنع حدوث شرر قد تسبب انفجار‬

‫الغاز‬
 Unit Twelve

Safe ways of working

104
 Safe systems and procedures
Safe systems and procedures include the following:

 Employees are well trained or skilled and understand the hazards and risks of
the work they have to do.
 Procedures for routine work are in place.
 Written procedures for work that is done less often or high risk.
 Procedures for emergencies eg: fire, spillages etc.
 Supervision to make sure people follow the safe systems of work and procedures.
 Action is taken when instructions, rules or procedures are not being followed.
105
Permit to Work
Simple instructions or procedures are adequate
for most jobs but some require extra care . A
permit to work states:

"Exactly what work is to be done and when, and

which parts are safe.”

A responsible person should assess the work and

check safety at each stage.
The people doing the job sign the permit to show Examples of permits to work.
that they understand the risks and precautions
necessary.
106
 Safety signs and symbols

A safety symbol indicates the presence of information or instructions about

health or safety at work.
The colors, shapes and symbols of safety signs have different functions.

107
 Now I want you to watch this symbols
Try to think of the object of these symbols

108
RED: is a safety color and must be used for any:

 Prohibition sign concerning dangerous behavior.

(e.g.: the safety color for a no-smoking sign).
 Prohibition signs are round with a black pictogram on a white
background with red edging and a red diagonal line. Danger alarm
concerning stop, shutdown, and emergency cut-out devices.
(e.g. the color of an emergency stop button).
 Fire fighting equipment
109
110
 I want you to watch this symbols
Try to think of the object of these symbols

111
Yellow: is a safety color and is used for any warning sign
concerning the need to be careful or take precautions.
e.g. flammable material, electrical danger.

Warning signs must be triangular with a black pictogram on a yellow or

amber background with black edging.

112
Example of warning

113
 I want you to watch this symbols
Try to think of the object of these symbols

114
Blue: is a safety color and must be used for any mandatory
sign requiring specific behavior or action.
eg: safety helmets must be worn signs.
Mandatory sign must be round a where pictogram on a blue background.

115
Example of mandatory

116
 I want you to watch this symbols
Try to think of the object of these symbols

117
GREEN: safety color used for emergency escape and
first aid signs.

Escape and first aid signs must be rectangular or square with a

white pictogram on a green background.

118
Example of emergency escape and first aid

119
 Colors in safety

Blue Green Yellow Red

Mandatory Emergency escape

or
Warning Dangerous
First aid
120
Some from Safety in our Institute

121
 Unit Thirteen

Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)

122
Definition of PPE

"Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for

protection from health and safety hazards.”

123
Hazards to parts of the body
 Eyes : Chemical or metal Splash, dust, projectiles, gas and vapor,
radiation, very bright light

PPE for parts of the body

 Eyes : Safety spectacles, goggles, face screens, face shields, visors.

goggles Safety spectacles visors 124

face shields face screens
Hazards to parts of the body
 Head and neck: Impact from falling or flying objects, risk of head
bumping, hair entanglement, chemical drips or splash, climate or
temperature.
PPE for parts of the body
 Head and neck: Industrial safety helmets, bump caps, hairnets, and
firefighter’s helmets.

bump caps
hairnets Industrial safety helmets firefighter’s helmets 125
Hazards to parts of the body
 Ears: Impact noise, high intensity (even if short duration) pitch (high
and low frequencies).

PPE for parts of the body

 Ears: Earplugs or earmuffs.

Earplugs Earmuffs 126

Hazards to parts of the body
 Hands and arms: Abrasion, temperature extremes, cuts and punctures,
impact, chemicals, electric shock, skin irritation, disease or contamination.

PPE for parts of the body

 Hands and arms: Gloves, gloves with a cuff, gauntlets and sleeving which
covers part or the whole of the arm.

Gauntlets
sleeving which covers part Safety boots and shoes Gloves with
Gloves 127
or the whole of the arm with protective toe caps a cuff
 Hazards to parts of the body
 Feet and legs: Wet, hot and cold conditions, electrostatic build up,
slipping, cuts and punctures, falling objects, heavy loads, metal and
chemical splash, vehicles.
PPE for parts of the body
 Feet and legs: Safety boots and shoes with protective toe caps and
penetrant-resistant mid-sole, wellington boots and specific footwear, e.g.:
foundry boots and chainsaw boots.
128
Penetrant-resistant mid-sole Specific footwear
Wellington boots

Foundry boots Chainsaw boots

129
 Hazards to parts of the body
 Lungs: Oxygen deficient atmospheres, dusts, gases and vapors.

PPE for parts of the body

 Lungs: Respirators, breathing apparatus.

breathing apparatus 130

Respirators
Hazards to parts of the body
 Whole body: Heat, cold, bad weather, chemical or metal splash, spray from
pressure leaks or spray guns, contaminated dust, impact or penetration,
excessive wear or entanglement of own clothing.
PPE for parts of the body
 Whole body: Conventional or disposable overalls, boiler suits, aprons,
chemical suits, thermal clothing.

Thermal clothing 131

Disposable overalls Chemical suits Boiler suits Aprons
Examples of PPE

132
Examples of PPE

133
Examples of PPE

134
Accidents and Emergencies
Actions to take if there is an accident, the emergency procedures, the location of
first aid boxes and the initial actions to take if someone requires first aid in the
classroom/ workshop/ laboratory/ workplace will be different for each location
(e.g. school campus or workplace).

135
‫ال تنسونا من خالص الدعاء لي ولوالدي وللمسلمين‬

‫‪136‬‬