PRINCIPLE OF CROP

PRODUCTION;SCIENCE
• CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
A. CROP PEST
a pest is living organism, whether animal, plant or
fungus ,which is invasive or troublesome to plant or
animals, human concern, livestock, or human structures.
• Animal are called pests.
FUNGUS
 CATERGORIES OF PESTS
• 1. VERTEBRATE PEST
• Vertebrate pests include birds, mammals, or reptiles that cause
damage to agricultural crops. A number of introduced animals –
including rabbits, feral cats, foxes, house mice, wild dogs, Indian
Myna, and pigs.
• BIRDS
• -pigeon and seagull eat human food and carry deases.
• Many birds such as crows eat crop
• AMPHIBIANS
are small vertebrates that need water, or a moist environment, to
survive.
Example:
• MAMMALS
are distinguished from other vertebrate animals by
several unique features. All mammals produce and
secrete milk from mammary glands to feed their
offspring. They also have hair on their bodies, although
some mammalian groups have less hair than others.
• 2. INVERTEBRATE

• Invertebrate, any animal that lacks a

vertebral column, or backbone, in contrast to the
cartilaginous or bony vertebrates. More than 90
percent of all living animal species are
invertebrates.
 AGRICULTURAL AND DOMESTIC
ARTHROPODS
• CATERPILLAR cause crop damage.
• TERMITES cause structural damage
• Example of agricultural and horticultural insect pests
include:
• Aphids and other hemipterans pests
• thrips
• spider mites
• locusts and crickets
 ASSIGNMENT

• WHAT IS PEST IN CROP PRODUCTION?

• GIVE ATLEAST 10 BENEFICIAL INSECTS
• WHAT’S THE MOST HARMLESS INSECT?
• B. Pest Control
Pest control is at least as old as agriculture, as there has always been a need to
keep crops free from pest.
METHODS OF PEST CONTROL
1. USE OF PEST –DESTROYING ANIMALS
Cats were being used to control pest of grains stores such as rodents.

2. Chemical control
chemical pesticides are often to control diseases, pest or weeds.

3. Biological pest control

the use of methods for controlling the population of a pest species using
another organism.
4. Mechanical pest control
is use of hands on technique as well as simple equipment and devices, the provides a protective
barriers between plants and insects.
for example, weeds can be controlled by being physically removed the the ground.
A. Physical pest control- is a method of getting rid of insects and small rodents by
removing ,attacking , setting up barriers that will prevent further destruction of one plants or forcing
insect infestation to become visual.
B. Elimination of breeding grounds- proper waste management and drainage of still
water ,eliminates the breading ground of many pest.
C. Poisoned bait- is a common method for controlling rat populations, however is not as effective
when there are other food sources around such as garbage.
D. Field burning – traditionally after a sugar cane harvest the field are all burned to kill rodents, insect
or eggs that might be in the fields.
E. Hunting –historically some European countries when stay dogs and cats become too numerous ,
local population gathered together to around up all animal that did not appear to have an owner and
kill them .
F. Trap cropping- is a plant that attract pest , diverting them from other crop in an
agricultural field.
G. Traps – unlike trap crops most traps used to control pest are manmade and used by ray
catchers.
H. Space fumigation- a project that involves a structure be covered or sealed airtight
followed by the introduction of a penetrating , deadly gas to killing concentration a long
period of time.
I. Space treatment- a long term project involving fogging or missing type applicators.
J. Destruction of infected plants- forest service sometimes destroy all the trees in an area
where some are infected with insect if seen as necessary to prevent the insect species from
spreading.
K. Natural rodents control- several wildlife rehabilitation or organization encourage
natural form of rodents control though exclusion and predator support and preventing
secondary poisoning altogether.