Powered Industrial Trucks

OSHA Rules
for
Construction Sites
Forklift Videos
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Current Statistics

 Approximately 1.2 million forklift operators in the

United States.
 8% of all fork trucks will be involved in an
accident annually.
 68,400 fork truck accidents occur each year.
 85 fatalities occur annually.
 34,900 serious injuries occur annually.
Outline of 1926 Forklift Standard

 General Requirements of Standard 1926.602 (c)

 Forklift Inspection & Maintenance
 Operator Training = 1910.178
 Operations
 Safe Operating Techniques
VCR Presentation

 Construction Forklifts
General Requirements-
126.602 (c)

 This section includes all types of fork trucks but does not
include farm vehicles or vehicles used primarily for earth
moving which have forks.
 Meet requirements of 1926.600
 Nameplates and markings (Rated Capacity).
 Modifications and additions which affect capacity and safe
operation shall not be performed by the customer without
manufacturers prior written approval.
 Multiple unit lifts not to exceed proportional load of any one
truck.
 No spinner knobs.
General Requirements-
126.602 (c) -Contd.

 Overhead guards (ROPS).

 Must conform to ANSI B56.1 - Design, construction,
stability, inspection, testing, maintenance, operations.
 Only the operator shall be permitted to ride unless
additional seats and seatbelts are provided.
 When using a safety platform, you must:
• A. Be firmly secured to the lifting carriage and/or forks.
• B. Be provided access to shut off power to truck.
• C. Protection from falling objects.
Safety Guards

 High Lift Rider trucks must be fitted with an

overhead guard.
 If load presents a hazard, a vertical load backrest
extension must be installed.
Fuel Handling and Storage
 Gas and diesel storage and handling shall
conform to NFPA No. 30-1969.
 LP gas storage and handling shall conform to
NFPA No. 58-1969.
 Changing and Charging Storage Batteries shall
conform to Subpart K (Electrical).
Lighting

 Fork trucks must have lights on both ends where

lighting is less than 2 lumens per square foot.
Safe Working Environment

 Controlling levels of noxious gases and fumes,

especially carbon monoxide, must not exceed
levels from 1910.1000.
 All trucks and railroad cars must be chocked
when boarded with powered industrial trucks.
 Fixed jacks may be necessary to support an
empty semi-trailer when loading or unloading.
Designations
 Eleven different designations of industrial trucks.
• D, DS, DY, E, ES EE, EX, G, GS, LP, and LPS.
• D - diesel
• DS- diesel with safeguards to exhaust, fuel and electrical
systems.
• DY- all of DS safeguards but do not have electrical
equipment including ignition. Also has temperature
limitation features.
• E- electrical
• ES - electrical with safeguards to electrical systems to
prevent emissions of hazardous sparks.
Designations Continued
• EE- same as ES but electrical motors and electrical
equipment is completely enclosed.
• EX- designed so that the electrical equipment may be
used in flammable atmospheres.
• G- gas
• GS- safeguards to exhaust, fuel and electrical systems.
• LP- liquefied petroleum gas is used.
• LPS- safeguards to exhaust, fuel, and electrical
systems.
Rough Terrain Forklift Models

• Regardless of designation type,

construction site forklifts tend to be one
of the following:
– Vertical Mast RTFL
– Variable Reach RTFL
– Truck Mounted RTFL
Variable Reach Rough Terrain Forklift
Forklift Pre-Shift Inspection
 Markings/Warnings
 Operations Manual
 Components and Operating Mechanisms
• Attachments
• Modifications
 Work Area Conditions
 Maintenance
Hands-on
Exercise
Pre-shift
Inspection
 MACHINE MAINTENANCE
 RTFL Maintenance
 Preventive Maintenance
 Pre-Service Preparation
 Refueling
 Cooling System
 Oil and Fluids
 Electrical System Checks
 Tire Checks
 SAFETY TRAINING FOR OPERATORS
OF ROUGH TERRAIN AND OTHER
FORKLIFTS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES

Refer to Training Requirements

of
OSHA 1910.178 (l)
Operator Training

 Only trained and authorized

operators shall be permitted
to operate fork trucks.
 OSHA 1910.178 (l)
 Operator Training Consists Of 7 Parts...
* 1 - Safe Operation
* 2 - Training Program Implementation
* 3 - Training Program Content
* 4 - Refresher Training and Evaluation
* 5 - Avoidance of Duplicate Training
* 6 - Certification
* 7 - Date of Implementation
1 - Safe Operation
 Operator must prove competency by successful
completion of training & evaluation
 Employer may not permit operation without proof
of training & evaluation (Certification Record)
2 - Training Program
Implementation
 Trainees may operate a forklift only...
• Under direct supervision of a competent person
• Where such operation does not endanger the trainee
or other employees
• Training shall consist of:
– Formal classroom instruction
– Practical Demonstration by the instructor
– Practical exercises performed by the trainee
– Evaluation of the operator’s performance in the
workplace
Training & Evaluation
Required for Each Type

Which types
will the
operator be
expected to
operate?
Competent Person Instructor

 All operator training and evaluation

shall be conducted by persons having
the knowledge, training and experience
to train powered industrial truck
operators and to evaluate their
competence.
3 - Training Program Content

 Truck related topics

 Workplace related topics
Truck Related Training Topics
 Operating instructions, warnings & precautions
 Differences between the truck & the automobile
 Truck controls & instrumentation location, purpose and
function
 Engine or motor operation
 Steering and or maneuvering
 Visibility including restrictions due to loading
 Fork and attachment adaptation, operation and use
limitations
 Vehicle capacity
Truck Related Training Topics
 Vehicle stability
 Any vehicle inspection & maintenance required of the
operator
 Refueling and or charging or re-charging of batteries
 Operating limitations
 Any other operating instructions, warnings, or
precautions listed in the operator’s manual for the types
of vehicle that the employee is being trained to operate
 Workplace Related Topics
 Surface conditions where the vehicle will be
operated
 Composition of loads to be carried and load
stability
 Load manipulation, stacking and un-stacking
 Pedestrian traffic in areas
 Narrow aisles and other restricted places
 Hazardous (classified) locations
Workplace Related Topics
 Ramps & other sloped surfaces that could effect
stability
 Closed environments & other areas where
ventilation or poor vehicle maintenance could
cause a buildup of carbon monoxide or diesel
exhaust
 Other unique or potentially hazardous
environmental conditions in the workplace that
could affect safe operation
4 - Refresher Training &
Evaluation
 Refresher training including evaluation of its
effectiveness shall be provided to an operator when:
• the operator has been observed operating in an unsafe
manner
• after an accident or near miss
• any evaluation revealing unsafe behavior
• the operator has been assigned to a different type of
forklift
• workplace conditions change that effect safe operation
Formal Re-evaluation

 An evaluation of each powered

industrial truck operators’
performance shall be
conducted at least once every
3 years.
5 - Avoidance of Duplicative
Training
 Repeat training in any of these forklift
subjects is not required if the operator has
had such training, has been evaluated and
found to be a competent safe operator.
 If the truck or workplace conditions
change, then specific training relevant to
the new issue must be conducted,
including evaluation of performance
6 - Certification
 The employer shall certify that each
operator has been trained and evaluated
 The certification must include
– the name of the operator,
– the date of the training,
– the date of the evaluation,
– the name of the person providing the
training and evaluation
7 - Date of Certification
Requirement

 Operator training, evaluation and

certification must be completed before the
employee is assigned to operate a powered
industrial truck.
 OPERATION
- Start-Up -
 General Procedures
 Seat Adjustment
 Seat Belt
 ROPS/FOPS Assembly
 Set Controls to Neutral Position
 OPERATION
- Control Functions -
 Indicators and Gauges
 Speed/Gear Ranges
 Steering Characteristics
 Braking Characteristics
 Turning Radius & Clearance
 Functional Tests
 Lift / Carriage Shift / Tilt Controls
Load Charts
 Maximum Weight to
Reach Limitations
 Know the Weight of
Objects to Be Picked
Up or Deposited
 If You Cannot
Determine Weight, Ask
a Supervisor or
Supplier
 OPERATION
- Restricted View Awareness -
 See and Be Seen
 Terrain Considerations
 Soil Condition Hazards
 Water Hazards
 Trees
 Driving Up, Down and Across Sloped Surfaces
 Electric Power Line Hazards
 OPERATION
- Restricted View Awareness - Cont’d -
 Culverts
 Obstructed Visibility
 Driving in Confined Areas
 Line-of-Sight
 Speed Considerations
 Ability to Turn Considerations
 OPERATING TECHNIQUES
 Driving Without a Load
 Center of Gravity Considerations
 The Stability Triangle
 Load Pickup Techniques
 Shift and Tilt
 Driving With a Load
 Load Deposit Techniques
 Parking and Shutting Down the RTFL
 SAFETY IS
EVERYONE’S BUSINESS
 What is an RTFL Accident?
 The Cost of Accidents
 Site, Company and Manufacturer Rules
 Need for Strict Enforcement of Rules
 Liability
 Safety is YOUR job
 The End
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?