AN INTRODUCTION

TO

CHEMICAL HAZARD
COMMUNICATION
 CHEMICALS IN THE WORKPLACE

ESTIMATED 575,000 EXISTING CHEMICAL

PRODUCTS

HUNDREDS INTRODUCED EACH YEAR

 CHEMICALS IN THE WORKPLACE

INFORMATION IS THE BEST DEFENSE AGAINST

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURES

AND

POTENTIALLY SERIOUS HEALTH EFFECTS

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION’S

HAZARD
COMMUNICATION STANDARD
“HAZCOM”
29 CFR 1910.1200
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION

2. DEFINITIONS
3. HAZARD DETERMINATION
4. WRITTEN HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM
5. LABELS
6. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)
7. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING
8. TRADE SECRETS
9. APPENDICES
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION

a. Who does the standard apply to?
b. Relation to the Laboratory standard
c. Labeling exemptions
d. Exemptions from the standard
e. State issues
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION

d. Exemptions from the standard
Hazardous waste
Tobacco products
Wood products
Articles
Food, drugs, cosmetics
Consumer products
Pesticides
Sealed containers
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. DEFINITIONS
Article
Chemical
Combustible liquid/compressed gas/flammable
liquid/flashpoint
Health hazard
Physical hazard
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

1. DEFINITIONS
Article
A manufactured item
1. Formed to a specific shape or design
2. Which has end use functions dependent in
whole/part upon its shape or design
3. Does not release - result in exposure
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

3. HAZARD DETERMINATION
a. Established procedure

b. Appendix A and B

c. Documentation
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

4. WRITTEN HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM

a. Employer to develop
b. Elements
Written
Hazard determination
Labeling
Training
Inventory
MSDS’s
Non-routine tasks and contractors
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

5. LABELS
a. Manufacturer labeling requirement

b. Employer labeling requirement

c. Labeling exemptions
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

6. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS’S)

a. Manufacturer requirements
MSDS development
Required information
Blanks
Mixtures with similar hazards
Changes in information
Provide to employers
Distributor responsibility
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

6. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (continued)

a. Employer requirements
Accessibility
Retention
Traveling Employees
Missing/inadequate MSDS’s
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

7. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING

a. When providied?

b. Specific versus general training

c. Minimum topics
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

8. TRADE SECRETS
a. What is a trade secret?

b. Who may request information?

c. Denial of requests
 HAZCOM PROGRAM ELEMENTS

9. APPENDICES
a. Health Hazard Definitions

b. Hazard Determination

c. Information Sources

d. Definition of Trade Secret

 AN INTRODUCTION
TO

THE PRINCIPLES
OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
HISTORICAL RECOGNITION
OF

OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH HAZARDS
 PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

GEORGIUS AGRICOLA OBSERVED IN GERMAN MINING

OPERATIONS OF 1556

“... THE AIR..WEIGHS HEAVILY ON THE MINERS, CAUSING

THEM TO BREATHE WITH DIFFICULTY, AND SOMETIMES
THEY ARE EVEN SUFFOCATED...”
 PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

BERNARDO RAMAZZINI OBSERVATIONS IN 1713

- PAINTERS, “... SEIZED FIRST WITH PALSY..SPASMS PAIN IN

THE STOMACH .. (HE) WAS IN THE HABIT OF SQUEEZING
THE COLOR FROM HIS BRUSH WITH HIS FINGERS .. AND ..
SUCK(ING) IT.”
- POTTERS, “... PALSIED HANDS, ‘CADAVEROUS’ FACE WITH
THE COLOR OF LEAD ... CARRIES NUMBNESS INTO THEIR
BLOOD ... AND CRUCIFIES THEIR HANDS..”
 PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

ALICE HAMILTON

ILLINOIS DISEASE COMMISSION 1910

PROBLEMS OF ENAMEL PAINT OVER METAL BATHTUBS AND
THE IMPORTANCE OF BREATHING LEAD-LADDEN AIR
“... (WORKERS) ... NO IDEA THAT THE HARMLESS LOOKING
STUFF WAS POISONOUS ...”
 PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

ONCE WE RECOGNIZE THE PROBLEM, HOW BIG OF A

PROBLEM IS IT, AND HOW DO WE EVALUATE IT ??
 EVALUATING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISKS

AMOUNT AND TIME

DOSE MAKES THE POISON - TABLE SALT EXAMPLE

ADULT AMOUNT TIME EFFECT

SMALL LONG NONE

LARGE SHORT DEATH
 PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

THE FINAL QUESTION:

WE RECOGNIZE IT AS A PROBLEM,

WE KNOW THAT IT IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM,

WHAT DO WE DO TO CONTROL THE PROBLEM???

 THE HISTORICAL RESPONSE TO WORKPLACE
HAZARDS

ENGLISH FACTORY ACTS 1833 PROVIDE COMPENSATION

FOR ACCIDENTS
WORKER COMPENSATION LAWS IN U.S. START IN 1911
U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE INVESTIGATIONS, 1900’S
FEDERAL EMPLOYEE HEALTH SERVICES, 1933
MINING SAFETY ACT OF 1956
COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1969
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
1970
THE PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH ARE BASED UPON

ANTICIPATING,
RECOGNIZING,
EVALUATING,
CONTROLLING
WORKPLACE HAZARDS
CATEGORIES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS

PHYSICAL
ERGONOMIC
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
THE NATURE AND STATES OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS

TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Dusts Millions of Particles per

cubic foot
Mineral - Sand
Organic - grains Mass per unit of air
(Milligram/cubic meter
of air - mg/m3)
THE NATURE AND STATES OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS

TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Mists Mass per unit of air

Acid Mist Milligram/cubic meter

of air - mg/m3
THE NATURE AND STATES OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS

TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Fumes Mass per unit of air

Welding Milligram/cubic meter

of air - mg/m3
THE NATURE AND STATES OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS

TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Fibers Mass per unit of air

Cotton Dust Milligram/cubic meter

of air - mg/m3

or
Asbestos Fibers per unit of air
fibers/cubic centimeter
of air - f/cc
THE NATURE AND STATES OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS

TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Gases Parts per million parts of

air - ppm

Carbon Monoxide ppm

THE NATURE AND STATES OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS

TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Vapors Parts per million parts of

air - ppm
Solvent
or

mass per unit of air

(milligrams/cubic meter
of air - mg/m3)
 CHEMICAL ACCESS ROUTES TO THE BODY

MOUTH/NOSE - BREATHE IT IN - RESPIRATORY TRACT

SKIN - TOUCH THE SKIN - ABSORPTION

MOUTH - EAT OR DRINK - GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

 EVALUATING THE RISK OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURES

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV’s)

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS (PEL’s)

 EVALUATING THE RISK OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURES

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV’s) OF THE AMERICAN

CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL
HYGIENISTS

A NON-MANDATORY PROFESSIONAL
GUIDELINE FOR CHEMICAL EXPOSURES
 EVALUATING THE RISK OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURES

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV’s) CONCEPT

AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION LIMITS OF SUBSTANCES UNDER

WHICH NEARLY ALL WORKERS MAY BE REPEATLY
EXPOSED WITHOUT ADVERSE EFFECT
 CONTROLLING THE RISK OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURES

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION SUBPART Z,
1910.1000

THE LAW
 CONTROLLING THE RISK OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURES

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS - ELEMENTS & EXAMPLES

TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIMITS - TWA

NORMAL 8 HOUR DAY

SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT - STEL

SHORT PERIOD OF TIME WITHOUT SUFFERING IRRITATION,
CHRONIC/IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE
 CONTROLLING THE RISK OF CHEMICAL
EXPOSURES

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS - ELEMENTS & EXAMPLES

CEILING LIMITS
A LIMIT THAT SHOULD NOT BE EXCEEDED

SKIN NOTATION
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE VIA SKIN ROUTE
 CONTROLLING THE SPECIAL RISK OF SELECT
CHEMICAL EXPOSURES

HEALTH STANDARDS AND PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS

OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION FOR SELECT CHEMICALS

SUBPART Z, 1910.1001-1450
 CONTROLLING THE SPECIAL RISK OF SELECT
CHEMICAL EXPOSURES

SUBPART Z, 1910.1001-1450

CHEMICAL MATERIAL WORKPLACE EXPOSURES

ARSENIC BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN
ASBESTOS CHEMICAL HYGIENE FOR
CADMIUM LABORATORIES
COTTON DUST HAZARD COMMUNICATION
FORMALDEHYDE
LEAD
BIS CHLOROMETHYL ETHER
 CONTROLLING THE SPECIAL RISK OF ASBESTOS
- SUBPART Z, 1910.1001

EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
PEL 0.1 FIBERS/cc

MONITORING
INITIAL
PERIODIC

REGULATED AREA
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL
NO SMOKING, EATING, DRINKING, ETC.
WARNING SIGNS, LABELS
 CONTROLLING THE SPECIAL RISK OF ASBESTOS
- SUBPART Z, 1910.1001

WORK PRACTICES
WET METHODS

HOUSEKEEPING
HEPA VACUUMING, NO COMPRESSED AIR
PERIODIC

METHOD OF COMPLIANCE
ENGINEERING AND WORK PRACTICES
RESPIRATORS
WRITTEN PROGRAM
 CONTROLLING THE SPECIAL RISK OF ASBESTOS
- SUBPART Z, 1910.1001

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

HYGIENE FACILITIES AND PRACTICES

INFORMATION AND TRAINING

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

RECORDKEEPING