Grammar

TO BE
• Ser o Estar
• I am in my house
• She isn’t at work
• Are you at the school?

• TO BE BORN
• Nacer
• I am born
• I was born in Medellin
• They were born ….
Verb to be in past
• I am - was
• You are - were
• He /she/it is - was
• We/you/they are - were

• Where were you yesterday?

• I was in my house
• I wasn’t in my house
 Simple Present
• We use the simple present to talk about routines
Verbs
I run everyday in the morning
You run
He/She/it runs
We run
You run
They run
Affirmative Sentences
• He / She / It
• Oes Goes
• Shes Wishes
• Ches Watches

• Xes Fixes
Auxiliar: Do/Does
• Does Erica go to work everyday?
• No, she doesn’t go to work everyday

• Erica goes to work everyday

• Mari do you go to the gym?
• Yes, I do
Present Progressive
• We use this tense to talk about things that are happening in the
moment.

• Example: right now we are having an English class

• I am having an English class with my teacher Natalia

• They are sharing the lunch
• She isn’t working today
• What are you doing today?
Auxiliar: Verb to be
• Ando, endo = ing
• I am eating
• You are playing
• He is reading
• She is working
• It is sleeping
• We are winning
• You are studying
• They are running
• I use the auxiliary in present progressive in all types of sentences
• Affirmative
• Diego and Erica are working in the Street
• Negativa
• Diego and Erica aren’t (not) having fun today
• Question
• Are Diego and Erica having lunch?
Simple Past
• Auxiliary: Did
• ENJOY
• I enjoyed the gym yesterday
• You
• He/She/It
•W
• I went to a crossfit competition
• We ate icecream
• We went to pick up the dogs
• I drove from Medellin to La Ceja

• I didn’t eat spaguetti yesterday

• I ate spaguetti yesterday
Verbs in past
• Regular • Irregular
• The root of the words stay the • The Word may change a Little or
same and we add ED at the end of completely when turned to past
the Word tense.
• Enjoyed • Eat – Ate
• Worked • Sleep – Slept
• Needed • Get – Got
• Imagined • Go – went
• Cried • Sell – Sold
• Prayed • Feel - Felt
• Negative • Question
• I didn’t go to the school last year • Did they agree to meet next
week?
• When did you go to the circus?
Comparatives and Superlatives
• Comparatives
• We use them to say that one
thing is more ___ or less ___
than other thing.
• Superlatives
• We use to say something is on
top of the category
• Usually if an adjective has only • We add '-est' to make the
one syllable, we add '-er' to superlative form.
make the comparative form.
• Big – Bigger • Big – Biggest
• Small – Smaller • Small – Smallest
• Hot – Hotter • Hot – Hottest
• Fat – Fatter • Fat – Fattest
For adjectives longer tan a syllable we use
• More • Most
• Beautiful
• Intelligent
• Boring
• Active
Irregular adjectives
• Bueno – Mejor • Malo – Peor
• Good – Better
• Little – Less
• Malo - Peor
• Bad – worse • Much - More

• Lejos
• Far - Farther
Comparative
• My house is whiter than my neighbor’s house
• His job is harder than her uncle’s job
• Saturdays are calmer than Fridays
• Erica’s daughter is older than Diego’s daughter
• My car is cleaner than Erica’s car
Superlatives
• Diego is the tallest in the office
• Erica is the most famous person in Sabaneta
• The DHL Medellin Branch is the most beautiful in the country
As ____ as
• Diego’s car is as clean as Erica’s car
Past Progressive
• Erica was helping her daughter with homework but/when/however/
• The electricity went off
• Erica was running with her Friends when it started to rain
• She was getting ready when they called
questions
• Verb to be + noun + Ving + Complement + ?
• Ex: were you watching tv last night?
• Yes, I was
• What were you watching last night?
• I was watching Friends
• I was watching la descarga
• Were you singing in the shower?
• I wasn’t singing this morning, but I do it frequently
Future Simple
• There are 3 forms of the future

• Will
• I will go to the doctor
• Going to
• I am going to go to the doctor
• Present Progressive
• I am going to doctor tomorrow
Will
• This form is used to:
• Describe a simple action in the future:
1.She‘ll write the e-mail after lunch.
2.Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.
• Make a prediction or give a warning:
1.Don’t lift that. You‘ll hurt yourself
2.If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you a raise.
• Make a spontaneous decision:
1.You dropped your purse. I‘ll get it.
Going to
• When I have a mid term or long term plan
• I am going to buy a house next year
• He is going to travel to Europe in 2 months
Present Progressive
• We use to short term plans

• Tonight I am working out at the gym

• Tomorrow I am riding the bike
Future progressive
• Be
• I Will be eating pizza in my birthday
• Erica Will be relaxing at the beach on vacation
• Diego Will be earning lots of comissions
• Contestants live
• Sin
• Present perfect
• Past perfect
• Present perfect progressive
• Past perfect progressive
• Future
• Future Will – future going to –
future present progressive –
• Conditional
• 1–2y3
• Un poco • Mucho
• Little / few • A lot
• Countable or uncountable
• a Little milk Much / many
• A few coins
• A Little money Much milk, money, love
• A few Friends Many Friends, apples, or cars
Phrasal verbs – Verbos compuestos
• Get - Conseguir
• Get up – levantarse
• Get ready – Alistarse
• Get in – Entrar
• Get out – Salir
• Work out – hacer ejercicio
• Make – hacer
• Make out – besarse
• Make up – maquillaje
• Make up – decidirse, reconciliarse
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect
• The verbs in the perfect tenses • Go - went - gone
are in past participle. • Work – Worked – Worked
• Some of the verbs are regular
and you add ED
• The auxiliary for the present
• Some of the verbs are irregular perfect is HAVE
and you need to change the
word
• Have = Haber
• I have + Vpp
• You have
• He has
• She has
• It has
• We have
• You have
• They have
Afirmative
• S + Have/has + Vpp + C
• Nosotros hemos vistado la costa
muchas veces
• We have visited the coast many
times.
• Diego se ha reunido con el equipo
administrativo de barranquilla
• Diego has met with the admin
team of Barranquilla
• Los abuelos de erica han llamado
a su nieta un par de veces
• Erica’s grandparents have called
their grandaughter a couple times.
Negative
• S+ Have/Has negative + Vpp + C
• Haven’t
• Hasn’t
• Los chicos del counter de DHL no
han hecho el ultimo
entrenamiento.
• The counter guys of DHL haven’t
done the latest training.
• El equipo ejecutivo de DHL en
bogota ha tomado la decisión de
promover a erica a un puesto
mas alto.
• The executive team of DHL in
Bogota has made the decision of
promoting Erica to higher
position.
Questions
• Open question • Yes/no questions
• Have/has + s + Vpp + C + ?
• Have you ever eaten apple?
• Have you been to the park
during the weekend?
• Has she been laughing since
yesterday?
• Has he studied at nights?
Present Perfect Continuous
• I am studying English
• I have been studying English
• We use the present perfect continuous to talk about a finished
activity in the recent past. Using the present perfect continuous
focuses on the activity.

• I’ve just been cleaning the car.

Affirmative
• Subject + Have/has + been + VerbING + C

• She has been driving very Good

• Erica has been going to Rio Negro
• Diego has been drinking coronitas in Barranquilla all weekend
• He has been feeling love for many times
Negative
• Subject + Haven’t/hasn’t + been + VerbING + C

• They haven’t been eating their lunch

• He hasn’t been learning English for the last two weeks
• We haven’t been selling new products this year
• I haven’t been ringing to my mother the last weekend
Questions
• have/has + subject + been + vING + C + ?

• Have you been supporting your team last week?

• Has he been paying your English class?
• Erica has been getting lost
• To get lost
• Lose

• I lost my phone
• How long ........................................................................... for me?
(you | wait)

• We have been reaching out to lost clients

• We have been looking for new business opportunities with current
clients
• We have been searching data bases.
Past Perfect
• We use past perfect to talk about an action in the past that happened
before another action in the past. In this case the oldest action is in past
perfect and the other action in past simple.
• Ex: I had watched the movie before I read the book.
• We also use the past perfect to talk about an action that happened
before a specific time.
• I had fallen asleep before it was 11pm.
• We use it to talk about actions that started in the past and lasted until a
determined time also in the past.
• I had been happy in all my Jobs until I got this one.
Structure
• Affirmative
• Subject + HAD + Verb PP + Complement
Diego had worked as executive in Medellin.
I had lived in Medellin before I moved to Barranquilla
• Negative

• Subject + had not/hadn’t + Vpp + Complement

• I hadn’t visited another country before
• I hadn’t gone to the stadium since National won.
• He hadn’t played baseball
• Questions
• Had + subject + Vpp + C + ?
• Had we eaten Mexican food before we got sick?
• Had you ridden a bicycle before you went to the gym.
• Instead
• What had you missed the most before coming back?
• Where had you practiced the excercise?
• When had I traveled to Bogota?
Conditionals
• Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition
• If is what denotates condition and the second part of the sentence
tells you the results
• If you study hard, you Will get Good grades at the test. – First
Conditional
• If I heat ice, it melts. – Zero Conditional
Structure first conditional
• if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
• If I study English three times a week, I will speak English fluently.
• If I travel to Bogota and Medellin a lot of times, I will accumulate
many miles.
Zero Conditional
• If + present + present
• If it rains, my car gets wet
• If you don’t eat, you get sick
• If I drink too much coffee, I can’t sleep at night
• You get sick, if you don’t eat
• I can’t sleep, if I drink too much coffee
Second conditional
• It is used to imagine present or future situations that are imposible or
unlikely in the reality
• The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would + infinitive.
• IF I had more money, I would travel more
• If I were region manager, I would receive better salary
• If I were a super hero, I would save all the dogs from the Street.
Third conditional
• We use it to talk about something in the past that did not happen
• if + past perfect, would + have (present perfect)