RURAL HOUSING , PUBLIC,PRIVATE

SECTOR HOUSING

I.RURAL HOUSING SHORTAGE AND RURAL HOUSING PROBLEMS IN INDIA

In India nearly three-fourth of population lives in rural areas. The housing needs
of people in these areas are largely unmet.
In 2011 the Planning Commission constituted a Working Group on Rural
Housing for the Twelfth Five Year Plan to provide a perspective and approach on
rural housing.
The Report of the Working Group begins by noting the vision for rural housing
provided by the Ministry of Rural Development.
RURAL HOUSING SCENARIO DURING 2001-2011 CENSUS

Census 2001 placed 0.19 percent of Indian population as homeless. Further, 50

percent of the
available houses in India are in good condition while the rest are in barely livable or
in
dilapidated condition. In rural areas, around 48.88 percent of houses are livable,
while 6.3
percent are in dilapidated conditions.
It is found from the findings of National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06) that
overall
14 percent of the households live in “Kutcha” houses,
40 percent live in “Semi-pucca” houses and the remaining
46 percent live in “Pucca” houses.
A large majority of urban households live in pucca houses (81 percent), whereas a
majority of
rural households live in semi-pucca houses (around 52 percent).
The housing scenario has been described by the 2011 census according to which 0.08 crore
households live in dilapidated houses, which are showing signs of decay or breaking down.
They
require major repairs or those houses decayed or ruined and are far from being in conditions
that can be restored or repaired. About 4.41 core houses have Kutcha roofing. Further, 2.71
crore houses have grass, thatch, bamboo, plastic, etc. as wall and another 5.83 crore have
mud
or unburnt brick as the material for wall.

The Socio-Economic Caste Censes (SECC) data indicates 4.01 crore houses have one or two
rooms with Kutcha walls and Kutcha roofs. The twelfth plan working group or rural housing
recommended a target of 1.5 crore houses for the plan period based on housing shortage
estimate of four crore houses in rural areas.
HOUSING PROBLEMS OF THE RURAL POOR
The houses of the rural poor in India are found to be deficient in various ways. The major
housing problems of the poor relate to the following.
I. The houses in the rural areas lack protection to the residents against wind, rain and
cold.
II. They lack proper arrangement for light and fresh air.
III. Rural houses do not have separate arrangement for keeping animals.
IV. There is no proper arrangement for basic sanitation and drinking water.
V. The surroundings of rural houses lack requirements for hygiene.
VI. Rural houses are infested with insects, rodents, etc. which cause health problems.
VII. Rural houses involve high recurring costs (maintenance) which the poor residents
cannot afford.
VIII. Rural houses are incapable of providing protection against natural calamities like
floods, cyclones, etc
 II.PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN HOUSING
PUBLIC SECTOR
• A public sector enterprise is an organization which is owned by public
authorities
including Central, State or Local authorities, to the extent of 50% or more
• Is under the top managerial control of owning public authorities
• Is established for the achievement of a definite set of public purpose
• Is consequently placed under a system of public accountability
• Is engaged in an activity of business character
• OBJECTIVES
• Helps in rapid economic growth & industrialization of the country & creation
of
necessary infrastructure for economic development,
• To earn return on investment & thus generate resources for development,
• To promote redistribution of income and wealth,
• To create employment opportunities,
• To promote balanced regional development,
• To promote import substitution, save and earn foreign exchange for the
economy
• Acts as a countervailing force and put up an effective competition
• To undertakings in private sector and to gain control over the commanding
heights of the economy.
PUBLIC SECTOR HOUSING AGENCIES
• 1. HUDCO
• 2. LIC
• 3. NHB
• 4. Co-operative banks
• 5. Banks
PRIVATE SECTOR
• A private sector enterprise is an organisation which is owned, managed & controlled by private
individuals or a group of individuals or both. It is also engaged in business activity but with the
motive of profit maximisation rather than public service like in case of public sector enterprise
OBJECTIVES
• To reduce political interference in the management of enterprise, leading to improved efficiency
& productivity,
• To provide adequate competition to the public sector,
• To generate cash in order to fund the ever-increasing expenses,
• To reduce the concentration of economic power in the country and rural areas
• PRIVATE SECTOR HOUSING AGENCIES
• 1. HDFC
• 2. ICICI
• 3. IDBI
• 4. PNB
• 5. DHF
FACTORS
RESTRICTING PRIVATE
PARTICIPATION IN
URBAN HOUSING
DEVELOPMENT:
TNHB HOUSING SCHEME: A CASE OF SIDDHAPUDHUR

This section aims to analyze the housing policies propagated by the TNHB in the 1970s before the Slum Clearance
Act was enforced. This is a clear case of one of the oldest housing schemes in Coimbatore when housing policies
were in a state of infancy. It presents the current state of housing settlements enforced by the housing schemes many
decades ago.
To get a first hand experience of the place, field visits were organized and interviews were conducted with the local leaders
and residents to understand the impact of the policy. The local authorities like the TNSCB and TNHB were also consulted
to learn about the current situation of Siddhapudhur from an institutional perspective. However, details regardingits
implementation in the 1970s are unclear due to unavailability of data.

Introduction
The Siddhapudhur resettlement colony is embedded in the busiest region of the city, alongside the commercial district of
Gandhipuram. It is bounded by the VKK Menon road on the North and N G Narayanaswamy road on the South as indicated
in Figure 4.1. The colony was established in the early 70s, nearly 50 years ago, to house the
Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) residing at a nearby locality called Kamarajapuram. This was a time when housing
demand was on the rise due to immigration, and housing colonies were built by the government for those who could not
access the housing market i.e. the EWS & LIG. The parastatal body in charge of executing the above scheme was the Tamil
Nadu Housing Board (TNHB). Though the actual date of commencement of the work is unclear, it was completed in
1973 during the DMK regime. However, over the years the colony itself developed into a slum owing to
unavailability of space for the growing households and the incoming migrant population who come to the city
in search of new employment opportunities.
- Locational Advantage
The site for the project was selected primarily because the land was previously owned by the
government. It is also close to the main commercial zone of Coimbatore, major transportation facilities,
a higher secondary school and an array of other social infrastructural amenities like hospitals, colleges
etc making it a suitable location for the beneficiaries. But little can be surmised about whether the government had
considered these factors when selecting the resettlement location.

- The People
The Sidhapudhur housing colony is currently home to about 2000 people, most of whose families have
been living here for generations. Though a good number of dwelling units are occupied by the owners
themselves, there are a few families who dwell in the colony on a rental basis. Almost the entire population
is affiliated to the Hindu religion (Scheduled Caste) with the exception of a few Muslim households.
Their religious affiliation is displayed by the presence of small under-the-tree temples and the festivities
celebrated. Furthermore, Tamil is the predominant language spoken here followed by Telugu (1 in every
10 households). The main reason why the Telugu people migrated to places like Kamarajapuram and
areas along the border of Kerala was the availability of employment opportunities. The immigrants engaged in occupations
like leather and skin tanning, a common business in the city during those times. These people spread into otherimportant
places like the streets of Sidhapudhur, Ukkadam and Oppanakaarar after a few decades. Hence, these Telugu-speaking
households seem to have lived here between 5 – 30 years, making them relatively new in the neighborhood. The residents
claim that despite these differences in religion, caste and language,
there is complete participation in all the festivities of the colony by all families alike. This suggests a sense
of communal harmony among the people here.
The literacy rate is 96%, with most of the people knowing how to read and write, and a little over half
the population has received formal education . There is no discrimination in literacy with respect to gender
as both boys and girls are enrolled in the nearby government school. However, there is a slight drop
in college enrollment for the boys compared to the girls as they begin working after high school. People
here are employed in various sectors stretching from formal office jobs with steady monthly incomes to
menial jobs with low paying daily wages. There is a polarity in the employment scenario between the
municipal workers and coolies presenting a picture of the have and have-nots. In addition, there have
been complaints from recently graduating students about not being able to find jobs, which indicates
unemployment in the younger generation.

Site Planning
The total area of the housing colony is 2.4 hectares. Including the apartment (216 dwelling units), the
density is about 120 dwelling units per hectare, which is the acceptable standard in Coimbatore. But the
Extra 318 encroached tenements have resulted in overcrowding, raising the density to 225 dwelling units
per hectare. The figure ground map illustrates this phenomenon, where ground coverage is literally 85%.
The main approach to the site is via VKK Menon road and NG Narayanasamy Street, from which narrow pathways lead
to the entrance of the apartments.The housing complex currently consists of 36 blocks of multi storied apartments with
encroachments in the form of small huts interspersed between them.