INTRODUCTION

TO QAWAID PREPARED AND

FIQHIYYAH (IMU LECTURED BY : DR

HAJAH RAFIDAH BINTI
HAJI MOHD AZLI
200) – CHAPTER 8 ACIS UITM NEGERI
SEMBILAN
(PRINCIPLE OF
HARDSHIP)
 The 8.1 Meaning Principle of Hardship (al-
students Masyaqqah Tajlibu al-Taisir)
should be
able to
explain : 8.2 Sources Principle of Hardship (al-
Masyaqqah Tajlibu al-Taisir)
TOPICS 8.3 Azimah and Rukhsah
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
8.4 Reasons for rukhsah

8.5 Types of Rukhsah

 Literal meaning of al-masyaqqah ‫ المشقة‬: The difficulties
which make the tiredness ((‫ التعب‬on persons.

8.1 MEANING
Literal meaning of At – Tayseer ‫التيسير‬: Ease and softness.
OF PRINCIPLE
OF HARDSHIP
(AL- Literal meaning of Al – Masyaqah Tajlibu Attayseer :

MASYAQQAH
TAJLIBU AL- ‫إن الصعوبة والعناء تصبح سببا للتسهيل‬
TAISIR) ‫المشقة‬
‫تجلب التيسير‬
Means : “Difficulty and trouble become a reason for
facilitation”
 TECHNICAL MEANING :

The obligations in Islamic law that arise

from its application are found critical to
‫إن األحكام التي ينشأ عن تطبيقها حرج على المكلف‬ the responsible person (mukallaf) and
‫ فالشريعة تخففها بما يقع تحت‬،‫ومشقة في نفسه أو ماله‬ found hardship in himself or his property,
‫قدرة المكلف دون عسر أو إحراج‬ so the Islamic law reduces it with what
falls under the Muslim’s ability without
the hardship or embarrassment.
 8.2 SOURCES OF PRINCIPLE OF
HARDSHIP (FROM AL-QURAN)

Allah intends for you ease and does

not intend for you hardship and
‫ُيِر يُد الَّلـُه ِبُك ُم اْلُيْس َر َو اَل ُيِر يُد ِبُك ُم اْلُع ْس َر‬ [wants] for you to complete the
‫َو ِلُتْك ِم ُلوا اْلِع َّدَة َو ِلُتَك ِّبُروا الَّلـَه َع َلٰى َم ا َهَد اُك ْم‬ period and to glorify Allah for that
١٨٥﴿ ‫﴾ َو َلَع َّلُك ْم َتْشُك ُروَن‬
[to] which He has guided you; and
perhaps you will be grateful.
 ‫ۚ اَل ُيَك ِّلُف الَّلـُه َنْفًسا ِإاَّل ُو ْس َعَها‬

Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity

CONT’ ‫َر َّبَنا َو اَل َتْح ِم ْل َع َلْيَنا ِإْص ًرا َك َم ا َح َم ْلَتُه َع َلى اَّلِذ يَن ِم ن َقْبِلَناۚ َر َّبَنا َو اَل ُتَح ِّم ْلَنا َم ا اَل َطاَقَة َلَنا‬
‫ۖ ِبِه‬

Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which You laid
upon those before us. Our Lord, and burden us not with that
which we have no ability to bear.
 Annisa’ ٢٨﴿ ‫﴾ ُيِريُد الَّلـُه َأن ُيَخ ِّفَف َع نُك ْم ۚ َو ُخ ِلَق اِإْل نَس اُن َض ِع يًفا‬

And Allah wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and

mankind was created weak.

‫(ۚ َو َم ا َجَعَل َع َلْيُك ْم ِفي الِّد يِن ِم ْن َح َر ٍج‬al-hajj: 78)

CONT’ He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in the religion any
difficulty

‫َم ا ُيِريُد الَّلـُه ِلَيْج َعَل َع َلْيُك م ِّم ْن َحَر ٍج َو َلٰـ ِكن ُيِريُد ِلُيَطِّهَر ُك ْم َو ِلُيِتَّم ِنْع َم َتُه َع َلْيُك ْم َلَع َّلُك ْم‬
٦﴿ ‫﴾ َتْشُك ُروَن‬-Almaidah

Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to
purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be
grateful.
 I was sent as a true and tolerant believer ‫بعثت بالحنيفية‬
‫ السمحة‬:

All of you are sent as persons with

SOURCES easiness/tolerant but not with hardness: ‫إنما بعثتم‬
‫ميسرين ولم تبعثوا معسرين‬
FROM
PROPHET’S God Almighty has put on my followers with
imperfectness/mistakes, forgetfulness, and what
TRADITION they have coerced into it :

‫إن هللا تعالى وضع عن أمتي الخطاء والنسيان وما استكرهوا عليه‬
 ‫هي األحكام التي ثبتت مشروعيتها بناء على األعذار مع قيام‬
‫الدليل المحرم – توسعا في الضيق‬

AZIMAH "Are the provisions that have proven their

legitimacy on the basis of excuses with the
AND establishment of the forbidden evidence - an
expansion of distress"

RUKHSAH
rukhsah (concessions) are legislated for some
circumstances, but individuals are still
encouraged to follow the original legal rulings
in many situations.
 REASONS OF RUKHSAH

• – ‫السفر‬travelling
• Sickness – ‫المرض‬-
• Coercion – ‫اإلكراه‬-
• Forgetness- ‫النسيان‬-
• Ignorance – ‫الجهل‬
• Umum balwa – ‫عموم بلوى‬-
• Imperfection - ‫النقص‬
 TYPES FOR RUKHSAH

Rukhsah Rukhsah Rukhsah Rukhsah

isqat tanqis ibdal taqdim

Rukhsah Rukhsah Rukhsah

ta’khir idtirar taghyeer
 RUKHSAH ISQAT

Hajj for the traveller Hajj for women who

Prayer for
who does not have the does not have the
menstruation women
accommodation at all. mahram.
 RUKHSAH TANQIS

• Imperfect prayer done by traveller (jama’ and qasar)

RUKHSAH IBDAL Replacement of wudhu’ with
tayamum
 RUKHSAH TAQDIM

ADVANCEMENT OF ZAKAT JAMAK TAQDIM IN PRAYER

BEFORE THE ITS TIME
 1 2 3
RUKHSAH Delay of Jamak Delay of fasting Delay of prayer
TA’KHIR prayer in
muzdalifah (in
during sickness.

isyak prayer)
RUKHSAH Do the prohibited things

IDTIRAR
during necessity or darurah.
 RUKHSAH Change of regular prayer to

TAGHYEER
irregular during war.