Computer fundamentals

MEMBERS
-Yangel Rodríguez
-Patryck Jiménez
-Odemaris bautista
-Andreilis Reyes
-Porfirio Ramírez
Introduction
The foundation of the
computer, based on the
first 7 chapters of
Cisco, focuses on
understanding the
essential principles
that underlie
information
technology and
networks.
 CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Personal
Computer Hardware
Motherboard
It is the main integrated circuit board of the
computer system, to which the other components
that make up the computer are coupled
 The cooling systems of a PC are essential components that help
Cooling dissipate the heat generated by the processor and other
components to maintain an optimal operating temperature and
prevent overheating, which could damage the computer."
Types of
Cooling
System
•Active air cooling.
•Passive air cooling.
• Active liquid cooling.
• Passive liquid
cooling.
•Oil cooling.
Chapter 2: PC Assembly
hard drive
The hard drive is an
essential component in a
computer used for storing
data permanently. It is a
non-volatile storage unit,
meaning that data is
retained even when the
computer is powered off.
internal
digital
memory reader,
commonly known as a card
reader, is a component of a
computer that allows the
reading of memory cards,
such as SD or microSD
cards, to transfer data or
access content stored on
them. It is a useful feature
for transferring photos,
videos, and other files from
devices like cameras or
mobile
adapter card
An adapter card is a device that
connects to a computer's
motherboard to add or enhance
functions, such as network
connectivity, audio, USB, or
graphics, that may not be present
in the original configuration.
Internal adapter
cables
are used within a computer to
connect internal components
such as hard drives, CD/DVD
drives, fans, or USB ports to
the motherboard. These cables
enable data transmission and
electrical power supply for the
proper operation of the
components
External
connectors
are the ports and plugs located on
the exterior of electronic devices,
computers, peripherals, and other
devices to allow connections with
other external devices or
accessories."
 Chapter 3
Advanced Computer
Hardware
Ancient Ports

•• PS/2 ports (mouse, keyboard)

•• RJ-45 Ethernet port.
•• USB ports.
•• Parallel port.
•• MIDI port.
•• Serial COM port.
•• VGA port.
•• Audio Outputs 3.5 mm jacks.
NAS
A NAS system consists of a
high-capacity storage
device connected to a
network that allows
authorized users and
customers to store and
retrieve data in a
centralized location
SATA Cables & Connectors
It is a serial data transfer interface between the motherboard and some storage devices
The SATA power cable looks like it's "bent" at 90 degrees (on some models), plus it has 15
connection pins (and is therefore larger). The power one comes directly from the power
supply, while the data one is the one that connects the hard drive to the motherboard
 •A video port connects a monitor to a PC using a cable
Harbours Today, HDMI and DisplayPort are the most common
types of ports you'll find on modern monitors
(Fernandez, 2021)
raid
•It is a type of storage in which data is
written to multiple disks within the
same system.It is an array of multiple
hard drives that function as a single
logical unit. Such a system typically
applies the concept of redundant
storage to ensure greater security.
Safety Devices
Electrical protection systems
consist of devices such as
switches, fuses, thermal relays,
wire insulation, grounding, socket
covers, and disconnectors
 USB

The USB or Universal Serial Bus port is a port designed to

connect various peripherals to a computer.
SCSI (Small
Computer
System
Interface)
Twisted pair cables

•Twisted pair cables are classified into UTP

and STP type. Twisted-pair cables are a
type of transmission medium that can be
used to transmit both digital and analog
signals
 data transmission
cable
It is a data transmission cable that
is made up of two conductors that
are oriented coaxially and
separated by a layer of dielectric
insulation. The structure of a
typical coaxial cable would be
based on a core composed of a
metal wire surrounded by an
insulator called a dielectric. Here
is a list of the types of coaxial
cable connector.
 CHAPTER 5
NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Network Topologies
Describe how devices in a network are
physically connected to each other. For
example, in a star topology, all devices are
connected to a central point, while in a mesh
topology, each device is connected to several
others.
Communication Protocols
Protocols are sets of rules that allow devices in a network to communicate with each other.
For example, TCP/IP is a set of protocols that facilitate communication on the Internet.
OSI Model and
TCP/IP
These are two
models that describe
how information
moves through a
network. The OSI
Model divides the
process into seven
layers, while TCP/IP
focuses on four
layers.
IP Addresses and
Subnet

Each device in a network has a

unique address called an IP
address. Subnets allow for
dividing a large network into
smaller segments for more
efficient management.
Components
and
Types
Of
Networks
Network Devices
These are the physical
components that facilitate
communication in a network.
Routers direct traffic, switches
connect multiple devices, and
firewalls protect the network
against threats.
 Network Security
Refers to the measures taken to protect a
network against unauthorized access and
malicious attacks. This can include
firewalls, data encryption, and access
policies.
Wireless and Wired Networks
Wireless networks use radio signals to connect devices, while wired networks use
physical cables. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Future Trends in
Networking

Examines emerging
technologies that are
changing how networks are
designed and used, such as
5G for advanced mobile
communications, IoT for
device interconnectivity,
and Edge Computing for
processing closer to the
data source.
Chapter 7:Laptops and
Other Mobile Devices
Mobility

Mobility in information
technology means the
ability to access
information electronically
from different locations
outside of the home or
office. Mobile
connectivity is limited
only by the availability of
cellular or data networks.
Mobile devices have self-
contained power in the
form of rechargeable
batteries, are generally
small and lightweight.
LAPTOP
Laptops are portable
computers. They usually run
full versions of operating
systems such as Microsoft
Windows, MacOS or Linux.
 Tablets
Tablets are similar to
smartphones in that they use
special mobile operating
systems like Android or iOS.
However, most tablets do not
have the ability to access
cellular networks.

E-readers
such as the Amazon Kindle, are special
purpose devices with black and white
displays that have been optimized for
reading text. Although they resemble
tablets, they lack many of the features
and functions that tablets provide.
Bluetooth
Laptop
Connections
Windows activates connections to
Bluetooth devices by default. If the
connection is not active, look for a
switch on the front face or on the
side of the laptop. Some laptops
may have a special function key on
the keyboard to enable the
connection.
Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi, short for Wireless Fidelity, has become an integral part of our modern lives. It enables
seamless connectivity, allowing us to access the vast expanse of the internet without the
constraints of physical wires. From streaming movies to video calls and online gaming, Wi-Fi
empowers us to stay connected, informed, and entertained.
Cell Phone Parts The cell phone contains one or more of these field replaceable
parts: memory, a SIM card, and a battery.
Airplane Mode

It may be required for you to

disable your cellular access. For
instance, airlines typically ask their
passengers to disable cellular
access. To simplify this process,
most mobile devices have a setting
called Airplane Mode. This setting
turns off all cellular, as well as Wi-
Fi and Bluetooth radios.
 We all use email but never really think about how email
Email actually works. The email structure relies on email servers
and email clients as displayed
CONCLUSION
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