EARTHQUAKE

FOCUS AND
EPICENTER
 The area inside the
Earth where an
earthquake starts is
known as the focal
point of the quake
or the focus.
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 It is centered
on the portion
of the fault
that has the
greatest
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movement.S a m p l e F o o t e r Te x t 3
 The point at the
Earth's surface
directly above the
focus is known as the
epicenter of the
quake.
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 • During an earthquake,
the strongest shaking
occurs at the epicenter.
Sometimes, the ground
surface breaks along the
fault

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 There are also times the
movement is deep
underground and the
surface does not break.
Scientists often name an
earthquake after the region
that is closest to its
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 Generally, if two
earthquakes of equal
strength originate from
the same epicenter, the
one with the shallower
focus causes more
destruction.
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 Seismic waves from
a deep-focus
earthquake lose more
of their energy as
they travel farther up
to surface.
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 The earthquake’s magnitude
and intensity have different
characteristics. Magnitude
measures the energy being
released from the origin of the
earthquake. It is measured by
an instrument called
seismograph.
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 The Richter
Magnitude Scale
measures the
quantity of seismic
energy released by
an earthquake.
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 Intensity is the
strength of the
trembling made by the
earthquake at a place.

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• Active
faults are areas along in which
displacement is expected to occur.
Since a shallow earthquake produces
displacement across a fault, all shallow
earthquakes occur on active faults.
These are considered to be geologic
hazards.
•Inactive
faults are areas
that can be identified,
but which do not have
earthquakes.