Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Computers 2009
Chapter 4
The Components
of the System
Unit
Chapter 4 Objectives
Differentiate
Differentiateamong
amongvarious
variousstyles
styles Differentiate
Differentiateamong
amongthe
thevarious
various
of
ofsystem
systemunits
units types
typesof
ofmemory
memory
Identify
Identifychips,
chips,adapter
adaptercards,
cards,and
andother
other Describe
Describethe
thetypes
typesof
ofexpansion
expansionslots
slotsand
and
components
componentsof ofaamotherboard
motherboard adapter
adaptercards
cards
Describe
Describethe
thecomponents
componentsof
ofaaprocessor
processorand
andhow
how Explain
Explainthe
thedifferences
differencesamong
amongaaserial
serialport,
port,aaparallel
parallel
they port, a USB port, a FireWire port, and other ports
port, a USB port, a FireWire port, and other ports
theycomplete
completeaamachine
machinecycle
cycle
Identify Describe
Describehow
howbuses
busescontribute
contributeto
toaa
Identifycharacteristics
characteristicsof
ofvarious
variouspersonal
personal
computer computer’s
computer’sprocessing
processingspeed
computerprocessors
processorsononthe
themarket
markettoday
today speed
Define Identify
Identifycomponents
componentsin
inmobile
mobilecomputers
computers
Defineaabit
bitand
anddescribe
describehow
howaaseries
seriesof
ofbits
bits
represents data
represents data and
andmobile
mobiledevices
devices
Explain
Explainhow
howprograms
programstransfer
transferin
in Understand
Understandhow
howto
toclean
cleanaasystem
systemunit
unit
and
andout
outof
ofmemory
memory
Next
The System Unit
What is the system unit?
Case that contains
electronic components
of the computer used
to process data
Sometimes called
the chassis
p. 186 Next
Processor
Storage
Devices
p. 186 - 187 Fig. 4-4 Next
Processor
What are multi-core processors?
A multi-core processor is a chip with two or more
separate processors
A dual-core processor is a single chip that contains two
separate processors
A quad-core processor is a single chip that contains four
separate processors
Each processor on a multi-core chip generally
runs at a slower clock speed, but increases overall performance
Memory
Step 2.
Step 4. Store Decode
Write result to memory Translate
instruction into
Processor commands
ALU Control Unit
Step 3. Execute
Carry out command
Stores location
from where instruction
was fetched
Stores Stores data
instruction while it is while ALU
being decoded computes it
Stores results
of calculation
p. 189 Next
Processor
What is the system clock?
Controls timing of all computer operations
Generates regular electronic pulses, or ticks, that set
operating pace of components of system unit
Pace of system
clock is clock speed
Processor speed can
Each tick Most clock speeds are
also be measured in
is a in the gigahertz (GHz)
millions of instructions
clock cycle range (1 GHz = one
per second (MIPS)
billion ticks of system
clock per second)
software to divide
problem and
bring results
together results combined
Step 3.
Step 4. The system unit converts the
After processing, the binary scan code for the capital letter T
code for the capital letter T is to its ASCII binary code
converted to an image, and (01010100) and stores it in
displayed on the output device. memory for processing.
RAM
Step 4. When you quit a program, such as the
Web browser, its program instructions are
removed from RAM. The Web browser is no
longer displayed on the screen.
CLICK TO START
Next
Memory
What are two basic types of RAM chips?
Do not have to
Most Static be re-energized
common
type RAM as often as
DRAM
(SRAM)
Dynamic
Faster and
Must be RAM more reliable
re-energized
constantly (DRAM) than DRAM
chips
p. 199 Next
Memory
Where does memory reside?
Resides on small circuit
board called memory
module
Memory slots on
motherboard hold memory
modules
p. 199 Next
Memory
How much RAM do you need?
Depends on type of applications you intend to run
on your computer
RAM 1 GB or less 1 GB to 4 GB 4 GB and up
Use • Home and business • Users requiring more advanced • Power users creating
users managing multimedia capabilities professional Web sites
personal finances • Running number-intensive • Running sophisticated
• Using standard accounting, financial, or CAD, 3-D design, or
application software spreadsheet programs other graphics-intensive
such as word processing • Using voice recognition software
• Using educational • Working with videos, music, and
or entertainment digital imaging
CDs • Creating Web sites
• Communicating with • Participating in video conferences
others on the Web • Playing Internet games
Three types:
EEPROM
(electrically
Firmware— erasable programmable
Manufactured with read-only memory)—
permanently written Type of PROM
data, instructions, containing microcode
or information programmer
PROM
(programmable can erase
read-only
memory)—
Blank ROM
chip onto which
a programmer
can write permanently
p. 201 - 202 Next
Memory
What is flash memory?
Nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten
Step 3.
Step 1. Plug the headphones into the portable
Purchase and download music tracks from a media player, push a button on the
Web site. With one end of a special cable flash memory chips portable media player, and listen to
connected to the system unit, connect the the music through the earphones.
other end to the USB port in the portable
media player.
USB port
p. 203 Next
Memory
What is access time?
Amount of time it takes processor
to read data from memory
Measured in nanoseconds (ns),
one billionth of a second
It takes 1/10 of a second to blink
your eye; a computer can perform
up to 10 million operations in same amount of
time
Term Speed
Millisecond One-thousandth of a second
Microsecond One-millionth of a second
Nanosecond One-billionth of a second
Picosecond One-trillionth of a second
PCI
PC Card AGP USB PCI
Express
Bus Bus Bus Bus
Bus
p. 212 Next
Bays
What is a bay?
Opening inside system
unit used to install
additional equipment
Drive bays typically
hold disk drives
External peripherals
might use an AC
adapter, which is an
external power supply
p. 213 Next
Mobile Computers and Devices
What is a mobile computer?
Notebook, weighing between
2.5 and 10 pounds, or mobile
device
Components
Componentsof
ofthe
thesystem
systemunit
unit
Comparison
Comparisonofofvarious
variouspersonal
personalcomputer
computer
processors
processorson
onthe
themarket
markettoday
today
How
Howmemory
memorystores
storesdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
information
How
Howto
toclean
cleanaasystem
systemunit
unit
Sequence
Sequenceof
ofoperations
operationsthat
thatoccur
occurwhen
whenaa
computer
computerexecutes
executesan
aninstruction
instruction
Chapter 4 Complete