Battery

BY: Battery team

:Content
Theory of battery operation .1
Battery types .2
Battery functions in the car .3
Components of battery .4
Charging and discharging .5
Battery labeling .6
Battery faults .7
Battery maintenance.8
Battery charging.9
Battery safety.10
Battery sensor.11
Jump starting.12
battery Safety precautions.13
Theory of battery operation
convert the chemical energy into electrical energy by chemical
.reactions

Made by/ Nour Diaa

Battery types
.maintainable/ non maintainable

Made by/ Nour Diaa

Battery function in the car
give power to the starter to start the engine / stapling voltage in the car
./ power the electrical loads in car

Made by/ Nour Diaa

Components of battery

Prepared by : Dine Nasser

Battery Case

The case is polypropylene resin, which

holds the battery plates, cast-on straps
.and electrolyte
It's designed to minimize vibration
.impact and extend battery life

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Battery Terminal/ Bushing

The terminals are connected to the

positive strap and the negative strap of
the end cells and are the interfacing
point between the battery and the
vehicle's electrical system

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Battery Acid: The acid is a high-purity
solution of sulfuric acid and water

Cast-on Strap for Batteries: The cast-on

straps are welded to the top of each element
to provide an electrical connection to the
.terminals
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Battery Negative Plate: The negative plate contains a
metal grid with spongy lead active material

Battery Separator: The separator is a

polyethylene material that separates the
positive plates from the negative plates to
.provide an efficient flow of electrical current

Positive Battery Plate: The positive plate

contains a metal grid with lead dioxide active
material
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Lid on Battery

The lid is made of polypropylene

.resin and sealed to the battery case

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Charging and discharging

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 Battery Faults
• SELF DISCHARGE
• Internal chemical reactions reduce the
stored charge of the battery without any
connection between the electrodes or
any external circuit for a long time.
• A car battery discharge rate is about 1% per
day at room temperature, 0.25% per day at
10 °C (50 °F) and 1.5% per day at 30 °C (86
°F).
• The new car battery may lose up to 40% of
.it’s capacity in 2 or 3 months

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 Battery Faults
Sulfating •
This occurs when a battery is allowed to go dead for long periods of time •
Formation or build-up of lead sulfate crystals on the surface and in the •
pores of the
.active material of the batteries lead plates
It may short the plates which can damage the cell •

Prepared by : Mustafa Aatef

Battery maintain
Sulfating This occurs when a battery is allowed to go dead for long •
periods of time
Formation or build-up of lead sulfate crystals on the surface and in the •
.pores of the active material of the batteries lead plates
It may short the plates which can damage the cell •

Prepared by : Mustafa Aatef

Battery safety terminals (BST)
A device which is used to minimize •
the risk of any electrical fire (short
circuit) in the engine bay if the
vehicle is involved in a collision
.)accident(
It disconnects the main power feed •
to the engine starter & alternator
For safety and vehicle
visibility, power is still supplied to
.the vehicle lighting circuits
Pyro Switch : Fast acting protective •
switches which keep you safe during
Prepared by : Mahmoud Magdy
? How Work (BST)
if a vehicle is involved in a collision, the SRS control module will activate
the explosive charge if required . This separated the cable from the
.battery which isolates power to the engine bay

Once the cable has separated, the spring-loaded tabs hold the cable away
from the terminal preventing it from contacting the terminal. Once a BST
.has been triggered, it must be replaced as it cannot be reset
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Cable disconnection sequence(BST)

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Battery safety terminals (BST)

Other similar devices

Some vehicles may also be fitted with a similar device installed in the
battery mounted power distribution board to isolate accessory power
circuits from the battery. The BMW example has a small fuse under the
cover at the top of the picture which can be triggered by the control
module in a similar way to the BST if required

Prepared by : Mahmoud Magdy

Battery sensor (EBS)
: The sensor informs❖
the car of the exact battery status •
measures the temperature •
controls the charging voltage •
charging current •
The electronic battery❖
sensor (EBS) is attached to
the negative terminal

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 Jump Starting
If the car battery has died, you may be able to use jumper cables to jump start it •

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Battery Safety precaution
Always ensure the loads are switched off before disconnecting the battery .1
Disconnect the black (-) terminal before the red (+) terminal to avoid short .2
circuits
Always use eye protection and protective clothing when you deal with .3
acids
The electrolyte shouldn’t be higher than the upper level .4
Don't overcharge .5
Always charge in a well ventilated area .6
Never create sparks near a battery .7

Prepared by : Mahmoud Magdy