ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND

INTERNAL RESISTANCE

12 TRIAL SPM SMP 2007

 (a)(i) What is meant by 12V,24W
Diagram shows a bulb labelled 12V, 24W. -The bulb consumes 24 J of electrical energy in
if connected to 12 V of power supply

(ii) Why R is made of high resistance conductor?

-produces more heat

(iii) State 2 factors that affected the resistance of

the conductor. Describe how the factors can
affect the resistance of conductor.
-length of of wire
-temperature
-The longer the wire, the higher the resistance
-The higher the temperature, the higher the
resistance
 (i) Calculate the effective resistance in circuit.
(b) Diagram shows three identical resistors in an electric
-
circuit that is connected to a supply voltage 12V.

(ii) What is the reading of the voltmeter?

(iii) What is the reading of the ammeter?

-
You are assigned to investigate the characteristics of the power of heating coil and the
design of the heating element in an electric kettle.

Explain the suitability of every characteristic in the table and determine the most
suitable electric kettle to be used to boil the water faster and safely.

Give reasons for your answer.

Aspects Characteristics Reasons

Earthing System 3 plug-in Overload current can flows

to the Earth

Number of loop More High resistance

Material of heating coil Nichrome High resistivity

Power of heating coil High Produce more heat energy

in the coil

Electric kettle R because it has 3 plug-in, more number of loop, nichrome heating coil,
high power for heating coil.