Assigned by:

MUHAMMAD UMER RAFIQUE

(Leader)
(Taha,Abdulmateen,Abdulbasit,Ranarayan)
Submmited by:
MS.Raja Rashad
LESSON#05
NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Outline:

 What is the Non-verbal Part of the Message?

 Four types of Non-verbal Messages
 Personal
 Common to a Group of People or Culture
 Universal
 Unrelated to the Message (Random)
• How to Analyze Non-verbal Communication?
• Different Aspects of Non-verbal Communication
•
• Body Movement (Kinesics Behavior)
• Physical Characteristics
•
• Touchig Behavior
• Vocal Qualities (Paralanguage)

• Space
• Artefacts
• Environmental factors
What is the Non-Verbal Part of the Message?

Non-verbal communication consists of that part of a message that is not encoded

in words.

The non-verbal part of the message tends to be less conscious and often reveals
the sender’s feelings and preferences more spontaneously and honestly than the
verbal part.
 Importance of Non-Verbal Communication
• If the verbal message does not match
the non-verbal communication, people
tend to believe the nonverbal message.
The nonverbal aspects of
communication are so closely
intermingled with the verbal part that it
is difficult to separate them. People
receiving verbal and non- verbal
messages combine them with the
context in which the communication
takes place and interpret the total
Classification of Non-verbal Messages
Non-verbal communication can be classified as follows.

Personal (to the individual).

• Common to a group of people or culture.
• Universal (to humankind).
• Unrelated to the message (random).
• Personal Non-verbal communication
• Personal non-verbal communication involves kinds of nonverbal
behavior that are unique to one person. The meaning is also unique
to the person sending the message. For example, someone may work
while talking; another person may work in silence. One person may
laugh due to nervousness or fear, while another may cry.
• Cultural Non-Verbal Communication
• Cultural non-verbal communication, by contrast, is characteristics of,
or common to a group of people. It is learned unconsciously by
observing others in the social group. In aboriginal culture, for
example, eye contact is less acceptable than it is in Europe an culture.
• Universal Non-Verbal Communication
• Universal non-verbal communication is behavior that is common to
humankind. It shows happiness, sadness or deep-seated feelings – for
example, a smile or tears.
• Unrelated non-verbal communication
• Unrelated non-verbal communication, such as sneezing or coughing,
is unrelated to the verbal message. It can distract from the verbal
message, but has little effect on the meaning of the verbal part of the
message.
• How to Analyze Non-verbal Communication?
Different Aspects of Non-verbal
Communication
Theoretical writings and research classify non-verbal communication into seven main areas:
1. Body movement (kinesics behavior)

2. Physical characteristics

3. Touching behavior

4. Vocal qualities (paralanguage)

5. Space (proximity)

6. Artifacts

7. Environment
• Body Movement
• Body movements include gestures, posture, head and hand movements or whole body movements. Body
movements can be used to reinforce or emphasise what a person is saying and also offer information about the
emotions and attitudes of a person. However, it is also possible for body movements to conflict with what is
said.
• Gestures
• A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible
bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of
speech or together and in parallel with spoken words.
• Eye Contact
• Since visual sense is dominant for most people, eye contact is an
especially important type of nonverbal communication.
• Eye contact also established a natur of relationship.
2. Physical Characteristics
Physical characteristics such as body shape, general attractiveness,
body and breathe odors, weight, hair and skin colour are important
parts of non-verbal communication. Because people react and respond
to these factors, they all determine their responses in interpersonal
encounters. First impressions and images of others can be associated
unconsciously with past experiences of people with similar physical
characteristics.
3. Touching Behavior
Stocking, hitting, holding or guiding the movement of another person
are examples of touching behavior that communicate non-verbally.
Each of these adds a different meaning to a message. Touch can
console or support the other person and shows a feeling of affection. A
handshake, for example, can express dominant equality. A pat on the
arm can convey intimacy or control.
4. Paralanguage (Vocal Qualities)
Paralanguage is that part of language associated with but not involving
the word system. It consists of the voice qualities and vocalizations that
affect how something is said rather than what is said.
Vocalizations also give clue to the total message. The tone of voice, rate
of speaking and voice inflection are an important part of the total
message. A tired person, for example,will speak more slowly than
relaxed one, a disappointed person may speak with a flat tone, while
the voice tone of someone excited about a coming holiday reflects
excitement.
 5. Proximity (Use of Space)
Proximity means nearness, in terms of physical space i.e. how people
use their personal space while communicating a message. This
response to spatial relationships in formal, informal and Intimate
settings indicates how that person perceives and feels in that space.
Personal space varies according to
Gender
Status
Roles
• Culture
Research has shown that the use of space reflects the way people feel about others.
Australians speaking to acquaintances or workplace colleagues leave about an arm’s length of
space between themselves and the other person. People speaking to friends and family leave
about half an arm or an elbow’s length between themselves and others. People in close
relationships allow direct and close contact when speaking to each other. Americans keep a
distance of 18 inch from other person during a formal conversation.

6. Artifacts
Artifacts are objects used to convey nonverbal messages about self-concept, image, mood,
feeling or style. For example, perfume, clothes, lipstick, glasses and hairpieces project the
style or mood of the wearer. Many artifacts are common to the group but we also use
artifacts, particularly clothing, as an individual form of communication.
Consider the difference between the clothes you wear at home, to the party and the
clothes you wear on a job interview. The choice of clothes reflects your mood and your
attitude to the occasion. Other people note and place their own interpretation of your
dress.
7. Environmental Factors
The environment can influence the outcome of a communication. For
this reason, organizations give careful consideration to office space,
factory layout, the sales area and conference venues. The environment
should put people at ease and match with their expectations; an
unsuitable environment can produce ‘noise’ that causes
communication barriers and interferes with the communication
process.
Natural and artificial light, colour, temperature, tables, chairs, desks,
lounges, plants, sound, artwork, magazines, floor and wall coverings all
have an impact on people’s perception of an organization, which in
turn, affect the communication process.