LOGI

C
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LOGIC
-is the study of the principles and
techniques of reasoning.

-is the study of principles and

methods used to distinguish
correct from wrong.
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Proposition
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Proposition

-is a declarative, affirmative

statement which is either true or
false but not both.

- denoted by a small letter

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1. The sun is a star
2. All men and women die
3. Go to the market
4. The sum of four and five is one
5. Ice floats in water
6. 3 + 5 = 8
7. London is in North America
8. Wash the dishes
9. 10 -7 = 4
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The sun is a star
All men and women die
The sum of four and five is one

Proposition has a truth value true

denoted by 1 or T, and has a truth
value false denoted by 0 or F.
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There are two kinds of propositions:
Simple Proposition – a simple statement expressing a
single complete thought.
Compound Proposition– it is formed by connecting
two or more propositions or by negating a single
proposition.

The sun is a star

Six is lower than ten
r: Roses are red and violets are blue.
The sum of four and five is one
t: Joe is an artist and a musician
u: Bea is a smart or she studies every night
v: 6 + 8 = 14
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Operations on
Proposition

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Suppose p and q are propositions
Negation- NOT

Not p ; Not q
Disjunction- OR

p OR q
Conjunction- AND

p AND q
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Conditional- IF, THEN

If p, then q
Biconditional- IF AND ONLY IF

p if and only if q

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Myra is beautiful
Pink is a pretty color

If Myra is beautiful the pink is a pretty

color, or if 3-6=11 then =4

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 is irrational if and only if William is a
dancer and John is a singer.

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Truth Values

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Negation

T F
F T

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Conjunction

1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0

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Disjunction

1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 0

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Conditional

1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 0 1

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Biconditional

1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

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Construct a truth table
a.

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Construct a truth table
a.

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Construct a truth table
a.

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A statement is TAUTOLOGY which is true no matter
what the truth values of the proposition is with itself.

CONTRADICTION is a statement that generates a

false truth value, no matter what case it is in those
simple propositions.

A CONTINGENCY is a proposition that is neither

tautology nor a contradiction.

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Construct a truth table

Use a truth table to prove

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Construct a truth table

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