EMI

Ethiopian Management Institute

Training Title

Work Ethics !!

Facilitator:- Biniyam F.
EMI Welcome to the session !!
EMI Lets get to know each other

 Name…
 Educational background…
 Work experience and current
position
What is your most admired
quality?
“Likes” and “Dislike”... If
You Want to share
EMI
Time and Training Managers

Time manager (s)

1.___________
2. ___________
EMI

 Day 2 ______
 Day 3 ______
 Day 4 ______
 Day 5 ______
EMI ENERGY TEAM

Team members
1. ____________
2. ____________
EMI Training Norms

Arrive on time

Listen to others (Do Not Interrupt)

Respect others idea

Attending class

Avoid (Do Not Engage In) Side Talk

EMI Conti…
 Mobiles silent or switch off!
Ask questions anytime!

Bring in a good mood! √

Sharing You Practical Experience!

Participate in group work!

EMI
Schedule

Training 2:30 -- 4:00

Tea break 4:00 -- 4:20
Training 4:20 -- 6:00

Lunch 6:00 -- 7:30

Training 7:30 -- 9:00

Tea break 9:00 – 9:20

Training 9:20 –10:30
EMI
Group Formation
( name)

1. Group One ( )

2. Group Two ( )

3. Group Three ( )

4. Group Four ( )

5. Group Five ( )
EMI
Mode of Delivery

Presentation of concepts & principles



Reflections (Brainstorming)


Questions and Exercises



Group discussions


Presentations


Sharing Practical Experience



11
EMI
Expectations and concerns

 What do you expect from this training?

 Did you participate the same training before ?

 What are your concerns? የሚ ያሳስባች ሁ

ም ንድነዉ
EMI Training Core Values

Open dialog
   

Transparency
Inclusiveness
Informal, relaxed
atmosphere
Adaptive learning and


management
Any contribution


appreciated

13
EMI Training Overview
 Overview of ethics
 Concepts of Value, Moral and Ethics
 Organizational Ethics
 Work ethics
 Characteristics of work Ethics
 Importance of work Ethics
 Definition of professional and
professionalism
 Professional value
EMI Objectives

General Objective:
 To enable the trainees to
appreciate the role and
importance of ethics in general
and professional ethics in
particular to promote ethics and
combat unethical practices in
their working units and their
organization largely.
EMI
Specific Objectives
At the end of the course the participants will be able to:
Explain the concept and importance of professional ethics and
social responsibility
Develop ethical values in organizations(Addis Ababa Public
Service Comm)
Demonstrate the skills required for setting behavioral guideline
for a profession
Manage ethical dilemma & conflicts of interest

(የ ስነ-ምግባር ብዥታዎች እና የፍላጎት ግጭቶችን መምራት)

 Introduction
EMI
 Organizations are systems established to
attain common goals or objectives
through interactions between/among
individuals and groups at work.
This interaction may be people-to-people


or people-to-work.
Organizations are basically social entities


that are goal-oriented; purposefully

founded to coordinate activities, systems,
and are linked to the outside world.
To achieve organizational goals/purposes


& fulfill their missions, managers

consciously structure and coordinate its
limited resources accordingly.
 Introduction Cont’d…
EMI
 To achieve these shared
organizational goals/objectives in an
efficient and ethical manner, it
requires organization working with
and through others apart from
function as a system made up of:
(i) Inputs (resources),
(ii) Processes/procedures (strategies to
realize goals),
(iii) Outputs (products & services),
and
(iv)Outcomes (end results or benefits
to consumers).
EMI
Introduction Cont’d…
The core of working with and through others to


achieve organizational goals and objectives in an ever

changing environment is organizational ethics apart
from the effective and efficient use of limited resources.
In this context, the organization's ethics denote to its


active efforts to:

o Establish its mission and guiding principles,
o Identify values that can cause tensions/conflict,
o Find the best solutions to these conflicts, and
o Manage activities that uphold its values.
 Introduction Cont’d…
EMI
 Currently organization work ethics is becoming a
central issue of many organizations due to the fact
that they are unable to accomplish their mission
properly due to:
 Unethical conducts (ሥነ ምግባር የጎደለው ድርጊት)
 Poor performance, (መጥፎ አፈፃጸም)
 Corruption practices. (Scandal)(ሙስና)
 Moreover, organization work ethics is the issue of:
 Quality service,( ጥራት ያለዉ አገልግሎት)
 Timely service (ወቅታዊ አገልግሎት)
 Customer satisfaction & retention,(የደንበኛ ዕርካታ)
 Sustainability, etc.( ቀጣይነት ያለዉ አገልግሎት)
 Introduction Cont’d…
EMI

 Thus, organizations’ work Ethics is an important

aspect for organizational success regardless of how
large or small, public or private or NGO.
 The idea and attempt of incorporating ethics
program in the organizations requires the
commitment of:
 Leadership
 Professionals/ Employees,
 Other vital stakeholders, etc

 If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied

down through the organization. (Robert Noyce).
 Generally
EMI
Therefore, this training program
is designed to…
Deliver the required knowledge


and skill on ethical issues, and

professional ethics at the work
place…
To bring attitudinal change on


leaders and professionals that will

enable them to promote ethics in
their organization and achieve
their goals: be it personal or
organizational goals.

22
EMI Reflection

1.What comes to your mind when you hear the

word ethics? ስለ ስነ ምግባር ስታስብ ወደ አዕምሮ
የሚመጣዉ ምንድ ነዉ ?

2. How do you understand the similarity and

difference between Value, Moral and Ethics?
(Allotted Time: 15 minutes)
 24
Cont’d…
EMI

Ethics

“ A man without ethics is a wild

beast loosed upon this world.”

(Albert Camus)
EMI

General concept of Values,

Moral, and Ethics
EMI
Reflection

 Do you think values are born or learned behavior

why?( ዕሴት በልምድ ወይስ ከሰዉ ጋር አብሮ የሚወለድ
ነዉ ?)

 What are the sources of our values? Share your

experience( የዕሴቶቻችን ምንጭ ምን ምን ናቸዉ?)
 What is the improtance of value? ( ዕሴቶቻችን ምን
ምን ጥቅም አላቸዉ? )
EMI
values
 Values indicate desirable or
preferred end-states or
corrective goals or purposes.
 Values are standards interms of
which specific criteria may be
established and choices made
among alternatives.
 Values are the deep seated,
pervasive standards that
influence every aspect of our
lives (Our moral judgments, our
responses to others, our
commitment to personal and
organizational goals)
 Conti…
EMI

 Values set the parameters for

decision making.
 A value is a principle or a quality
that is consider worthwhile or
desirable validated by social
approval to practice tolerance
and live together in peace with
one another
EMI
Conti…

 Values Serve as our

moral compass to help
us find our way to the
right action.
 A human being with out
values are similar with a
ship without compass
EMI
How values impact the way you do your work

 Your attitudes
 Your behavior
 How you make decisions
 How you relate to others
 How you carry out your responsibilities
 How you plan for the future
 How you treat your customers
EMI
Sources of Values

Religion Parents
Media
Peers
Technology
Education Personal value
system
Training
EMI
General concept of Value
 values are “things that have an intrinsic worth in
usefulness or importance to the possessor,” or
“principles, standards, or qualities considered
worthwhile or desirable. ( መርህ፣ ልኬት፣ ጥራት)
 However, it is important to note that, virtually all
values are morally relative – neutral, really – until
they are qualified by asking, “How is it good?” or
“Good to whom?” The “good” can sometimes be just
a matter of opinion or taste, or driven by culture,
religion, habit, circumstance, or environment,
 This implies that each and every organization has its own
core values.
EMI
Concept of Values Cont’d…

For instance, EMI’s core



values are

Professionalism,


Quality first,


Never Stand Still,



Team work and



Lead the way



33
EMI Reflection

What are Vision, Mission and Core Values



of your Organization?

34
 Morality
EMI
 Morality is usually more of theoretical
and a philosophical concept.
 Moral are standards of
differentiating :-
 what is right from what is wrong,
and
 what is good from what is bad
based on human conduct and
behavior.
 Thus, Morality implies a belief
regarding right and wrong, good and
bad: a belief that can involve
judgment, values, rules, principles and
theories.
35
 Morality Cont’d…
EMI
 They could be social, cultural or
religious beliefs, values about right
or wrong.
Morals are highly influenced by


external factors such as religion and

culture, so that they differ from
culture to culture, religion to
religion, etc.
Thus, there are no such thing as


universal morals; what is

considered right in one
Culture/religion may be considered
as wrong in another
culture/religion.
36
 Morality Cont’d…
EMI
 For instance, eating meat is considered to be immoral
in some cultures, but in some other cultures, it is
perfectly acceptable.

A rational person who knows the difference between



right and wrong, good and bad chooses the right over
the wrong and the good over the bad because it is
morally acceptable.

Hence, for a society, morality is the generally accepted



standards of behavior within the society at a point in

time.
 Morality Cont’d…
EMI

Moral values are relative values that protect life and are


respectful of the dual life value of self and others.

The great moral values, such as Truth, Freedom, Justice,



Charity, etc. have one thing in common: when they are

working properly/correctly, they are life protecting or life
easing/enhancing for all.

Some common examples of morally unacceptable behavior



include practices like lying, adultery, littering, etc.

But none of these acts are illegal or punishable by law.



Thus, immoral doesn’t necessary mean illegal.

 Ethics
EMI
 There is no universally agreed definition of the term
“Ethics”, and the question of ethics is one that is linked to
history of mankind.
 Ethics is an old philosophical concept which come from
two Greek words: ethics -- moral and ethos -- character.
 Therefore Ethics means (deal with) moral character.
(ስነ ባህሪ ማለት ሞራላዊ ባህሪ ማለት ነዉ)
 Ethics can be defined as the value or rule of conduct
held by a group or individual. (ስነምግባር በቡድን ወይም
በግለሰብ የተያዘ እሴት ወይም የስነ-ምግባር ደንብ ተብሎ ሊገለጽ
ይችላል)
 It is the inner-guiding moral principles, values, and
beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation
and then decide what is the “right” or appropriate way
to behave.
 Ethics & morality
EMI
 Ethics is broader and wider
concept
 Ethics is the study of morality
 Philosophers use the term morality
synonymously with ethics.
 However, the two words have
different connotations.
 Ethics has to do with the general
and practical questions about how
to live our life.
 Morality, on the other hand, has to
do with objective rules about
especially important human
activities and values.
 Conti…
EMI

 Ethics is the standards that an

individual or a group has
about what is right and
wrong, or good and bad/evil.
 It is the rules of right conduct
 For a society, morality is the
generally accepted standards
of behavior within the society
at a point in time.
EMI

42
EMI
Group work
1. List down some right action or wrong action in your
organization service delivery and why ? በመስሪያ ቤታችዉ
አገልግሎት አሰጣጥ በተመለከተ ፤ ትክክለኛና ትክክለኛ ያልሆነ
ድርጊቶች ምን ምን ናቸዉ/ለምን

2. How your organizational values are practiced and

positively contribute to the organization, employees and
customers? (እሴቶች በምን መንገድ መ/ቤትህን ይጠቅማሉ ?)

3. How you perceive level of civil servants instead of ‘values,

in practicing moral values ? What need to be done?

Time allowed 40 Min

 44

EMI Reflection

Discuss the basic foundations of

Ethics?

Allotted Time: 10 minutes

EMI Types of Ethics
Meta ethics: Meta-ethics is the branch of ethics that


seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties,

statements, attitudes, and judgments.
Normative ethics : It examines standards for the


rightness and wrongness of actions.

Descriptive ethics: Empirical investigation of people’s


moral beliefs. (
የሚያደርጉ?)
Applied ethics: It is a term used to describe attempts to


use philosophical methods to identify the morally correct

course of action in various fields of human life.

45
EMI
The foundation of Ethics

46
 Central principle of ethics
EMI
 Reversibility – Would you want
someone to do this to you?
Golden/Bronze rule
(መቀልበስ/ ወደመጣበት መመለስ)
 Universality – Would you want everyone
to do this? (ዓለም አቀፋዊነት)
 Am I treating others with respect and
fairly?
 Am I violating the rights of others?
(የሌሎችን መብት መጣስ)
 Am I treating others only as a means to
my own ends? or …(ለራሴ ፍላጎት ብቻ ነዉ
ሌላዉን የምፈልገዉ)
 Am I being honest with others and with
myself? (ለራሴና ለሌላ ሰዉ ታማኝ ነኝ ወይ)
EMI Some of the benefits of ethics are:

 Joy and happiness

 Self confidence
 Creativity
 Customers satisfaction,
trust and Loyalty
 Love for work/passion
 Honor
 Good public image
 Promotion
 Self(mental)satisfaction
EMI
Reflections

• As individual what values do you have? List

down

• Are your Values worth acceptance or not?

• Does it ethically , confirmative?

Time allotted 10 Min

49
EMI

Organizational Ethics

50
EMI
Reflections

What are importance of ethics in

organizations?

51
EMI
Organizational Ethics
 Disciplined process for
incorporating ethical
reflection and practices into
the life and work of an
organization.
 Organizational Ethics is the
intentional use of values to
guide the decisions of an
organization
 Organizational ethics
examines the ethics of the
organization as a whole.
 Conti…
EMI
 Organizational ethics considers
the actions of individuals in so
far as the organization they
represent, and it is affected by—
or shares accountability for—
their conduct.
 It has to do with the identity
and the integrity of the
organization itself—with who
the organization is and becomes
and with what the organization
does. The organization's
character and behaviour, these
are the concerns and the scope
of organizational ethics.
 Cont’d…
EMI
 It requires that the
organization's values spread
throughout the organization at all
levels and in all areas from
executive leadership to
housekeeping;
o In planning, budgeting, and all
other decisions;
o In policies, procedures, and
practices;
o Internal and external relationships,
etc.
EMI
Common organizational ethics issues include
1. Business and Service Plans
(mergers, partnerships, contracts
with providers, marketing etc.)
2. Quality and Safety Issues
3. Employee Rights and
Responsibilities (compensation,
bargaining, diversity, harassment,
privacy)
4. Role in the Community
(advocacy, investment policies)
5. Resource Allocation
6. Work Restructuring
 Conti…
EMI
7. Charitable fundraising
8. Business development
9. Business and Professional
Integrity (performance
review/management;
conflicts of interest;
incentives; hiring and
promotion
10. Other????
 Ethics agenda requires:
EMI

1. People with knowledge, character and

skills
2. Experiences that impart knowledge,
provide experience and touches the
souls of individuals and groups.
3. Tools that outline a decision-making
process, publications/ documents that
enhance the discussion of key issues
and codes/ guidelines.
4. Clarity about what ultimately drives
our decision-making demands.
 Conti…
EMI
5. A deliberate choice and use of
criteria rather than letting these
operative values comes from
external pressure or emerge
amorphously from a general
context of corporate culture.

6. A culture which
• Places ethical issues on the
agenda
• Provides a safe place to
discuss conflicting ethical
concerns
• Has a process for handling
ethics disputes
 The importance of ethics in organization
EMI

 Business ethics in organizations

requires principle based leadership
from top management and purposeful
actions that include planning and
implementation of standards of
appropriate conduct.

 Requires openness and continuous

effort to improve the organization’s
ethical performance.

 An ethical culture focuses on

customers and all interested parties in
decision making.

 Sustainable development
 Conti…
EMI
 Customers trust to the organization
if they perceive a fair and respectful
service in the way it conducts its
business
 Enhance Customers willingness to
buy its products or use its service;
 Believe employees on organization
justice, (willing to follow the
organization’s managers, do what
mangers say, and see managers’
leadership as legitimate.)
 In short, ethics is a key component
of effective management;
(integrated work of leaders and
employees)
EMI
Group discussion

1. How Do you see our country morality

from broader perspective, do it increased
or declined nowadays? indicate some
examples ?
2. What are the rewards for implementations
of moral values/ ethical values at
individual / organization/country level?
3. How do you evaluate the organizational
ethics of Ethiopian Public service?
Time allowed 30 Min
EMI

ETHICAL ORGANIZATIONS

ድርጅት
ስነምግባር
ያለዉ

62
EMI
REFLECTION

What are the characteristics of

Ethical Organizations?

63
 Ethical Organization
EMI

 Ethical organizations are those

organizations that made clear to everyone
in their organization that moral priorities
are as important as financial priorities.
(የሞራል ዋጋን ከገንዘብ ዋጋ የማያሳንሱ
ናቸዉ)
 Ethical organizations are those
organizations that have standards of
ethical behavior (የስነ ምግባር ስታንዳርድ
ያላቸዉ ናቸዉ)
 A culture remarked for holding moral
values at least as high as financial
concerns and committed employees and
leaders for making moral choices.
(ከገንዘብ አቅም ያላነሰ ጥሩ ዕሴቶችን የያዘ
ባህል ፣ ታታሪ ሰራተኛና አመራር አላቸዉ)
EMI Characteristics of an ethical organization
(ስነምግባር ያለዉ ድርጅት ባህሪያት)
Ethical organizations work in achieving their
results within their organization’s values.
Results should be attained in the context of
developing something that adds value to
customers, and producing and delivering it at a
price that is fair to all the parties involved.
 Respect for people more than profits(Ex. Food,
liquer, cosmotics, medicine,…producing factories,
and other service and education sectors etc )
 Ethical organizations respect their employees and
their customers, putting their well-being ahead.
 Ethical organization…
EMI

Respect for the communities

where they live and work
Ethical organizations are
involved in the community.
(Ex. Universities community
service)
 They encourage and reward
employee volunteerism and
often they donate money and
resources to enhance the
quality of life for those around
them.
 Ethical organization…
EMI
 Respect for quality: people
respect organizations that
strive to get it right.
 Quality of an organization’s
product or service tells a lot
about how much that
organization respects its
customers and itself.
 Have role model leaders:
 Ethical organizations have
selfless leaders one who works
for the benefit of the
organization.
EMI
Ethical organization…

 They are obsessed with

fairness: the organizations
ground rules emphasize that
the other persons' interests
count as much as their own.
EMI

69
EMI

Work Ethics
- ምግባር
የሥራ ሥነ

70
EMI Work Ethics….
Work ethics is a


standard of conduct
and values for job
performance.

( የሥራ ሥ
አፈጻጸም
) የእሴት መለኪያ ነው።

71
 Elements of Work Ethics
EMI

1. Punctuality in regular work time

(በስራ ገበታ፣ በግዜ መገኘት)
2. Avoiding absenteeism (ከሥራ
አለመቅረት)
3. Work discipline (የሥራ ዲሲፕሊን)
4. Proper utilization of instruments of
labor (የስራ መሳሪያ በአግባቡ መጠቀም)
5. Cooperation with fellow
mates/teamwork ( የቡድን ሥራ)
EMI
 workplace values and ethics
EMI

 Dedication
How hard an employee works, or how much effort she
puts forth, can go a long way. Obviously, companies
want results, but most employers prefer a worker who
gives an honest effort to one who might be considered
a “natural” at the job, but is otherwise disruptive
 Integrity
An important aspect of workplace values and ethics is
integrity, or displaying honest behavior at all times.
 Accountability
Employees in all companies are expected to be
accountable for their actions and their assigned
responsibilities.
 Conti…
EMI
 Collaboration
In almost every business, workplace
values and ethics consist of teamwork.
That’s because most companies believe
that when morale is high and everyone
is working together, success will follow
 Respect
Employee conduct is an integral aspect
of workplace values and ethics.
Respectful behavior honors the dignity
and contribution of each employee. It
promotes positive behaviors in
communication and interpersonal
relations, as well as with external
partners, clients and stakeholders
EMI Top 10 Work Ethics

1. Attendance 6. Productivity

2. Character 7. Organizational skills

3. Team work 8. Communication
4. Appearance 9. Cooperation
5. Attitude 10. Respect
 The benefits of implementing good Work Ethics
EMI

 Appreciations;  Increase team work and

productivity;
 Develop self
 Good public image, and
confidence;
Promotion;
 Motivate creativity;
 Enhance employee
 Trust and Loyalty; commitment;
 Love for work/passion;  Avoid legal problems and
 Build good relationships penalties
with customers &  Improvement in efficiency
stakeholders; and effectiveness
 Build positive work (productivity);
environment;  Enhance performance,
revenue, and profits;
 Cont’d…
EMI

 Create mental satisfaction;

 Enhance asset protection &
utilization;
 Encourages a culture of
making decisions based on
ethics;
 Holistic development;
 Customer satisfaction;
 Sustainability;
 Achieve organizational goal
etc.
EMI

Reflections

What are unethical issues reflected in Work

place/organizations? What are their effects?

Time allowed 15 min

79
 80
Unethical issues reflected at the workplace
EMI
 Conflicts of interest; (የፍላጎት ግጭት)
 Discrimination(መድልዎ)
 Fiddling of expense accounts
( ማጭበርበር)
 Misuse of organization’s assets
(የድርጅቱን ንብረቶች አላግባብ መጠቀም)
 Miscommunication(የተሳሳተ ግንኙነት)
 Absenteeism (ከሥራ ቦታ መቅረት)
 Poor coordination (ደካማ አደረጃጀት)
 Misuse or abuse of information
(መረጃን ማዛባት፤ መረጃን አላግባብ መጠቀም )
 Continue…
EMI Inaccuracies in documentation and

recording( ) ደካማ መረጃ አያያዝ
Demonstrating a negative attitude


( ) አመለካከት
አሉታዊ
Receiving gifts and entertainment


( ) ከተገልጋይ ሥጦታ መቀበል

Improper customer treatment ( መጥፎ


)የደንበኛ አያያዝ
Improper employee treatment( መጥፎ


) የሰራተኛ አያያዝ
bribery; fraud; embezzlement, moonlight,


cheating, theft, etc.

( ..) ጉቦ መቀ
Others


81
 The effect of Un-ethical/immoral act
EMI

 Dishonesty and distortion of facts

 Rule violation, fooling people
 Greed (Self-indulgence)
 Harming the working environment
 Unnecessary waste or consumption of
resource
 Breach of Psychological Contract,
between people in a relationship-
notably with in employer/employee
relationships
 Cont’d…
EMI
 lack of transparency and
resistance to reasonable
investigation
 Irresponsible use of authority &
power
 Nepotism (the appointment or
preference of family members)
 Alienation or marginalization of
people or groups
 Neglect of duty of care
 Breaking confidentiality
EMI Unfairness(ኢፍትሃዊነት)

Unkindness ( ) የጎደለው
ደግነት


Lack of compassion (sympathy) and



humanity( )
ርህራሄ ማጣት

Bad public image, etc.( ) መጥፎ ገፅታ



The cumulative effect of unethical work



ethics results poor personal and team

performance that, in turn, leads to poor
organizational performance.

84
EMI

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

-ምግባር
ሙያዊ ስነ

85
EMI
Group Exercise
1. What is the relationship between ethics and
professionalism?

2. How it looks like the practical aspects of

professionalism in your organization?

3. What ethical values professionals expected to

possess

4. What do you propose to enhance professionalism

in your organization ?
Time Allowed 30 Min
EMI
Professional Ethics
‘Profession’ (ሙያ)
 Is often used synonymously with ‘occupation’ to
refer to the job someone does, or
 A recognized type of work. ( እዉቅና የተሰጠዉ
ስራ)
 The term has additional connotations, relating to
» High level of social status
» Education
» Expertise (ችሎታ፤ ሙያ)
» Identity as occupational group and
» A certain type of self-consciousness
about ethics.
 Professional defined
EMI
ሙያተኛ/ ባለሙያ ሲገለጽ
A professional is a person
who is:
 Educated and trained
 Competent
 Motivated
 Impartial, and

 Working in a system
dedicated to serving
the public interest.
EMI Professional ethics as influential factors

 Increased Employee
commitment
 Customer loyalty &
Confidence
 Customer satisfaction
 Avoid legal problems and
penalties;
 Punctuality in regular work
time:
 Avoiding absenteeism
 Conti…
EMI

 Work discipline
 Proper utilization of instruments of
labor(ለስራ ግብ ዓት የሆ ኑ መሳሪያዎ ች ን በአግባብ
መጠቀ ም )
 Cooperation with / team work/
 Quality of product/services
 Being fully accountable for one’s actions
 Kindness, compassion, and intelligence
 Direct communication to lead others
EMI
Conti…

 Learning to master a
mindful/Positive Attitude/
 Response to an emergency

 Having an awareness of how

your actions affect others,
 Avoid the inappropriate body
language and words that affect
others.
EMI
Professionals always consider
 Teamwork (የቡድን ሥ ራ )
 Relentless pursuit of
excellence (ቀ ጣይነት ያለዉ
ልህቀ ት )
 Knowing Basic Business
Facts ( የሥ ራ ዉን እዉነታ
መገንዘብ )
 Customer Service up to their
satisfaction (ደንበኛ ን ማ ርካት )
 unfailing Integrity ( ቅ ንነት )
 Dynamism ( ታ ታ ሪ)
 Conti…
EMI

 Possess intellectual capacity

to make fair judgments
towards their clients
 Work independently
 Pride in their profession
 Dedicated to improve the
quality of their services.
EMI Attributes of professionals

 Loyalty (ታማኝነት)
 Respect institutional and expert
authority (አለቃን ማክበር)
 Confidentiality (ሚስጥር ጠባቂነት)
 Honesty and integrity (እዉነተኝነት
እና ቅንነነት)
 Sound judgment ( የሚዛናዊ ፍርድ)
 Continuous professional
development
(ቀጣይነት ያለዉ የፕሮፎሽናል ዕድገት)
 Prof. Attribute…Cont’n…
EMI

 Don’t see work as just a job to

be done or merely a source of

spending money. They see work

as service to others
 Openness

 Independence and Impartiality

 Always see the big picture

EMI Prof. Attribute..Cont’n

 Both task-oriented &

people oriented;
 Tend to see problems as
opportunities, not
burdensome hassles to be
avoided;
 Have a high level of
personal responsibility and
respect for others’ rights
and values
EMI

97
EMI

Reflection

What is Leadership


What is the relationship between Ethics



and Leadership?

Allotted time10
98
 Ethics and leadership
EMI
 Leadership is the ability to
develop a vision that
motivates others to move
with a passion toward a
common goal
 leaders know what they want
to do, and have the strength
of character to pursue their
objectives in the face of
opposition and in spite of
failures.
 The effective leader
establishes achievable goals.
 Ethics and leadership
EMI

 As an asset, leadership is the set

of characteristics attributed to
those who are perceived to use
such influence successfully.
 As a process, leadership is the use
of non coercive influence to direct
and coordinate the activities of
group members to meet a goal.
 A Leader is one who goes first
and leads by example, so that
others are motivated to follow
him. This is a basic requirement.
EMI Ethics and leadership.. con’t
 To be a leader, a person
must have a deep-rooted
commitment to the goal that
he/she will strive to achieve
it, even if nobody follows
him.
 Leadership is also stated as
the process of social
influence in which one
person can enlist the aid
and support of others in
accomplishment of a
common task.
EMI Ethics and leadership…Con’t

Ethical leadership is
described as :
 People oriented
 Modeled through visible
ethical actions and traits..
 Focused on setting ethical
standards and accountability.
 based on broad ethical
awareness, and indicative of
a strong decision making
approach.
EMI
Ethics and leadership…

 Leadership is a particular
type of human relationship.

 This relationship are power

and/or influence, vision,
obligation, and
responsibility.
EMI Ten Principles of ethical leaders:
1.Treat all employees as unique,
valuable individuals;
2.Support each employees
freedom, growth and
development;
3. Communicate to employees
with respect;
4.Model encourage a balanced
life of work and rest;
5. Honor and respect employee
families;
 Continue….
EMI

6. Protect employees' life, safety

and health;
7.Create a working environment
free of harassment;
8. Be fair and just in financial
matters;
9. Communicate honestly and
truthfully; and
10.Cultivate a positive attitude
towards others and their
accomplishments.

105
EMI

Reflection

 What is your strength and limitation with

this principle as a leader/organizational
leadership?

Time allotted 10 Min

EMI

107
 Ethical dilemmas and conflict of interest
EMI የስነምግባር ችግሮች እና የጥቅም ግጭት

 Ethical dilemmas do not always have a prescriptive

and clear cut response (unless there is evidence of
breaking the law or accepted regulations). (ም. ግዜዉ
ያለፈበትን መድኃኒት ለደንበኛ መሸጥ፡ ያለግዜ የሆነ አገልግሎት/ ለቅርብ ሰዉ
መስጠት)
 You may have discovered something you believe to be
illegal or fraudulent, or someone may be pressuring
you to mislead, or to report in a way that is against or
marginal to accepted accounting standards or outside
the law.
 Conflicts of interest and confidentiality are also
ethical issues.
EMI Ethical dilemmas and conflict of interest..
 An ethical dilemma occurs when there is two or
more competing value that is in conflict.
 If one of these conflicting values is protected, the
other cannot be.
 Or it is necessary to overlook some values in order
to protect one or more other values.
 There is presence of: Significant value conflicts
among differing interests;
 Real alternatives that are equally justifiable; and
Significant consequences on "stakeholders" in the
situation.( Ex. Political party issue and work place)
 Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when one is
faced with having to make a choice among these
alternatives.
EMI
Conflict of interest
 Conflict of interest is the
disobedience to ones loyalty and
integrity. (ታማኝነትና ቅንነትን መተዉ)
 A conflict of interest occurs when
an individual or organization is
involved in multiple interests,
 one of which could possibly
corrupt the motivation.
 Conflict of interest….
EMI

 A conflict of interest is a
situation in which someone in a
position of trust and
responsibility, such as a
politician, civil servant, executive
or director of a corporation or a
medical research scientist,
lawyer or physician, has
competing professional and
personal interests.
EMI Conflicts of interests…

 In other words, a conflict of

interest arises when a public sector
employee or official is influenced
by personal considerations when
carrying out his or her job.
 Such competing interests can make
it difficult to fulfill his or her
duties impartially.
EMI
Preventing Conflict of Interest
One way of preventing conflict of interest is

to have a conflict of interest policy, though

the policy must be tailored to the

organization conditions,

certain principles are found in all of them.

Any conflict of interest policy should:

 distinguish private from public interest;

provide mechanisms for the disclosure of

private interests;
 Cont….
EMI

Identify which private interests



are incompatible with decision

making in the public interest;

Establish procedures for excluding



these interests from the decision-

making process

Create processes for resolving



claims of conflict of interest.

114
 Group work
EMI

Back work Application

1. What you are going to do for your organization

by taking this training as an input ?

2. What would you recommend the public officials

to practice effective organization ethics

3. What would you suggest , incase of concerning

ethical issues which needs government attention

Time Allotted 30 Min

EMI
REFERENCES
Peterson and Ferrell, (2005). Business Ethics: New challenges


for business schools and corporate leaders. New Delhi:

Prentice- Hall of India private limited.
Robert C. Solomon and Jennifer K. Greene, (1999). An


introduction to ethics through classical sources. United States

of America; The McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.
H. George Frederickson and Richard K. Ghere, (2005). Ethics


in public Management. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India

private limited.
Kenneth Blanchard and Norman Vincent Peale, (1988).The


power of ethical management. New York; Ballantine Book

S.Bhaskar,(2005).Professional ethics and human values. New


Delhi M.Sethuraaman, Anuradha agencies.

116
EMI
Profound Personalities

117
EMI

END OF THE SESSION

THANK YOU!!

118