GROUP 4

KALINGA

Suggest Ways to
Address Social
Inequalities
UCSP QUARTER 2 - Module 3
 GROUP 4
KALINGA
LEADER: TIMOTHY
AYAG
ASSISTANT LEADER: ELIZABETH
CHELSEA G. MUSA
MEMBERS:
PRINCESS FELICIANO
CHRISTIAN LUCINDO
CHRISTINE RUPISAN
ALEXANDRA BARRAMEDA
JAYSON SALVANA
JOHN JOSEPH DADULA
PAOLENE VILLAFRANCA
 Objectives:
• Analye how poverty affects the lives of the
people.
• How to address social inequality
• How poverty affects the lives of every
economy and the people as well.
Poverty
The word poverty comes from the french word “poverté”
which means poor. Poverty is an economic state where
people are experiencing the lack of certain commodities
that are required for the lives of human beings like
money and material possessions. Therefore, poverty is a
multifaceted concept inclusive of social, economic, and
political elements.
Types of Poverty on the basis of social,
economic, and political aspects
 Absolute Poverty
It is also known as extreme poverty or abject poverty. It involves
the scarcity of basic food, clean water, health, shelter, education,
and information. Those who belong to absolute poverty tend to
struggle to live and experience a lot of child deaths from
preventable diseases like malaria, cholera and water-contamination
related diseases. Absolute poverty is usually uncommon in
developed countries.
 Relative Poverty
It is defined from the social perspective that is living standard
compared to the economic standards of population living in
surroundings. Hence, it is a measure of income inequality. For
example, a family can be considered poor if it cannot afford
vacations, or cannot buy presents for children at Christmas, or
cannot send them to universities.
 Situational Poverty
It is a temporary type of poverty based on occurrence of an
adverse event like environmental disaster, job loss and
severe health problem. People can help themselves even
with a small assistance, as poverty comes because of
unfortunate event.
 Generational Poverty
It is handed over to individual and families from one
generation to the one. This is more complicated as there is
no escape because the people are trapped in its cause and
unable to access the tools required to get out of it.
 Rural Poverty
Poverty: It occurs in rural areas with population below 50,000. It is
the area where there are less job opportunities, less access to
services, less support for disabilities and quality education
opportunities. People are tending to live mostly on farming and other
menial work available to the surroundings.
 Urban Poverty
It occurs in the metropolitan areas with population over 50,000. These are
some major challenges faced by the urban poor:
✓ Limited access to health and education;
✓ Inadequate housing and services;
✓ Violent and unhealthy environment because of overcrowding; and
✓ Little or no social protection mechanism.
 POVER Causes
TY
• Lack of education • Low income
• Big families • Dependence
• Drug Addiction
• Corruption
• Terrorism
• Diseases
• High crime rate
• Overpopulation • Poor housing and living
• Insufficient health conditions
insurance • Inability to afford
• Insufficient social aid hospital treatment
 POVER Effects
TY
• Exploitation of labor
• Inflation and lack of
• Increase of the
probability for conflicts
investment • Mental issues
• Wars • Starvation
• Natural Disasters • Spread of diseases
• Inherited poverty • Illness
• Adverse climatic condition
Dimensions and Characteristics of
Poverty
1. Poverty is multidimensional - Many factors converge to make poverty a
complex, multidimensional phenomenon.
2. Material Well-Being - lack of multiple resources necessary for material
well-being - especially food but also housing, land, and other assets - leading
to physical deprivation.
3. Psychological Well-Being - Poor people lack of voice, power, and
independence, which subject them to exploitation. Vulnerable to rudeness,
humiliation, and inhumane treatment by both private and public agents of the
state from whom they seek help.
4. State-Provided Infrastructure—absence of basic infrastructure - particularly
roads, transport, water, and health facilities.
Four Primary
Classifications
of Assets:
- Physical capital
- Social capital
- Human capital
- Environmental assets
Ways to Address Social
Inequality: How to Eradicate Poverty
Social Inequality
Social inequality results from a society organized by hierarchies of class,
race, and gender that unequally distributes access to resources and rights.
Social inequality is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities
and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or
society. It contains structured and recurrent patterns of unequal
distributions of goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments.
Four Main Types of Inequalities
1. Inequalities of outcome
✓ Reinforce material deprivation
✓ Concerned with disparities in material dimensions of human well-being; usually
expressed in terms of the gap between the rich and the poor, economic inequality
✓ Typically measured in terms of disparities in income
✓ In many countries, the richest 10 percent have almost twice as much income as
the poorest 40 percent.
✓ Such large gaps between the rich and poor undercut inclusive, pro-poor growth
and undermine upward mobility
2. Inequalities of opportunity
✓ Undermine the ability of individuals to lead meaningful lives
✓ Refer to unequal access to the chances required to sustain and
improve livelihoods and lead meaningful lives
✓ Unequal access to health care and education are the main
determinants of inequality of opportunity
3. Inequalities across population groups
✓ Characteristics such as gender, age, ethnicity, disability or migrant status have
considerable influence on well-being and economic outcomes (United Nations, 2013)
✓ Reinforced by lack of voice and power and impede the full and free participation of
all persons in civic and political life, which undermines good governance and the
capability of all people to be agents of sustainable development
✓ Threaten economic growth and national stability by weakening social bonds,
undermining environmental sustainability and feeding disengagement and dissent.
4. Inequality Trap
• Poverty and inequality denote two distinct phenomena that have different
structural causes which require different policy measures
• Inequality is not necessarily grounded in poverty (but poverty is necessarily
grounded in inequality)
• Inequality of outcome, inequality of opportunity, and horizontal inequalities
reinforce each other, disproportionately affecting women and the most
vulnerable, including
youth, migrants, persons with disabilities, and older persons
• This creates an “inequality trap”
• “persistent differences in power, wealth and status between groups that are
sustained over time by economic, political and socio-cultural mechanisms
and institutions” (Bourguignon et al., 2007)
• The perceptions of growing inequality, dishonesty, exploitation, and
absence of confidence in government and fellow citizens lead to an
inequality trap.
 2 Salient characteristics of
inequality trap
• First, they tend to reproduce themselves over time
such that disadvantages become, by
definition, intergenerational.

• Second, inequality traps are generated by the play

of differences across the distribution of income,
social location and access to political resources
(Bebbington et al., 2008).
 Inequalities weaken the three dimensions of
sustainable development
1. Inequalities stifle economic growth
2. Inequalities undermine social cohesion and solidarity
3. Inequalities hamper environmental governance
SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE POVERTY
CONDITIONS
• Mitigate corruption
• Better social security
• Better health insurance
• More subsidies for education and childcare
• Minimum wages
• Better access to credit line
• Create financial incentives for firms to create jobs
• Redefine cultural norms
• Community programs
Group 4
Thank you for listening!