24

Betanin dose response curve

*Dose of betanin that does not cause liver damage

50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg
y 150 mg/kg
Liver damage biomarkers
ALT
ALB AST
150
4 600 *** * p < 0.05
* *** p < 0.001

3
100
400

UI/L
g/dL

2 UI/L
200 50
1

0 0 0
l l
ro kg kg kg kg kg ro g g kg kg kg
t g/ g/ g/ g/ g/ k k
l

kg

kg

kg

kg

kg
g/ g/ g/ g/ g/
o

on
t
tr

on
g/

g/

g/

g/

g/
m m m m m
on

C
50 75 0 5 0 m m m m m
m

m
0 2 5 C
50 75 0 5 0
C

1 1 1
10 12 15
50

75

0
10

12

15
Graphic 2. Values of serum albumin, AST and ALT in male Wistar rats administered with different doses of
betanin.
 25
Betanin dose-response curve
*Lower doses exploration
25 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg
Liver damage biomarkers
AST ALT * p < 0.05
ALB
4
400
*
60
*
3
300
40

UI/L
UI/L
g/dL

2 200
20
1 100

0 0 0

ol

kg

kg

kg
l

g
ro
ol

kg

kg

kg

tr

g/

g/

g/
g/

g/

g/
tr

on
g/

g/

g/

on

m
on

m
m

C
C

25

40

50
C

25

40

50
25

40

50

Graphic 3. Values of serum albumin, AST and ALT in male Wistar rats administered with different doses of
betanin.
 26
Histopathological analysis
Rat liver tissue with different doses of
betanin
H&E stain, AT 400x

Control 25 mg/kg 40 mg/kg 50 mg/kg

75 mg/kg 100 mg/kg 125 mg/kg 150 mg/kg

 27
Dose-response curve of betanin as a hepatoprotector against
diclofenac liver damage

Liver damage biomarkers

ALB ALT
** p < 0.005
*** p < 0.001
4 AST
600 ***
80 **
3 ** 60
**
400
*** *** ***
g/dL

UI/L
2

UI/L
40

200
1 20

0 0 0

ol

F
ol

ol

F
D

D
tr
D

D
tr

tr
on

+
on

on

+
kg

kg

kg
C

kg

kg

kg
kg

kg

kg

C
C

g/

g/

g/

g/

g/

g/
g/

g/

g/

5m

0m

0m

5m

0m

0m
m

5
25

40

50

5
et

et

et

et

et

et
B

B
et

et

et

B
B

Graphic 4. Serum values of albumin, AST and ALT in male Wistar rats treated with 3 different doses of betanin as hepatoprotector against
a toxic dose (75mg / kg) of diclofenac
 28
Histopathological analysis
Rat liver tissue with different
doses of betanin and a single
toxic dose of diclofenac (75
mg/kg)
H&E stain, AT 400x

Control 25 mg/kg Bet + 75 mg/kg DF

40 mg/kg Bet + 75 mg/kg DF 50 mg/kg Bet + 75 mg/kg DF