DEPARTMENT: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

BS BIOTECHNOLOGY
GROUP MEMBERS:
BSBTM-F22-018
Minahil Ashraf

BSBTM-F22-024
Fatima Afzal

BSBTM-F22-022
Farwa Nadeem

BSBTM-F22-025
Tasawar

Misbah BSBTM-F22-004
CLASSIFICATION
OF BACTERIA
Table of contents

01 02 03
Introduction Structure of Classification of
bacteria bacteria

04 05 06
Types of Other Medically
bacteria classification important
bacteria
 Bacteria:
 They are microorganisms found everywhere on the earth such as in soil ,
water, air, on human body etc.
 They are the simplest form of living organisms having single cell
(unicellular organism).
 Bacteria vary in size as much as in shape.
 Bacteria range in size from 0.1 to 600µm.
 They are prokaryotic microbes have no membrane bound nucleus and
mitochondria.
 Some bacteria's are pathogenic and can cause diseases to humans but
some are harmless.
 Structure of bacteria
cell

Capsule Cell wall

Ribosomes Flagella Pili Cytoplasm

STRUCTURE
OF
BACTERIA
Capsule
It keeps the cell from dying out and help in sticking of food .

Cell wall
It is the thicker outer covering to maintain the shape of the bacteria.

Ribosomes
It give the cytoplasm of the cell a granular appearance and made proteins.

Flagella
Present in some bacteria for locomotion or movement.

Pilli
They are made up of special proteins called pilin and involved in attachment of bacteria
to various surfaces.
Classification of bacteria
Bacteria can be classified into various categories on the basis of their
features and characteristcs

• On the basis of morphology

• On the basis of mode of nutrition
• On the basis of mode of respiration
• On the basis of staining
• On the basis of pathogenicity
 CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA

MORPHOLOGY NUTRITION RESPIRATION STAINING PATHOGENICITY

COCCUS
AEROBIC
HETEROTROPIC GRAM
BACTERIA PATHOGENIC
POSITIVE
BACILLUS

ANEROBIC
SPIRILLIA
NON
AUTOTROPHIC GRAM PATHOGENIC
VIBRIO’S BACTERIA FACULTATIVE NEGATIVE
 Cocci

Bacilli
Morphology Spirilla
of bacteria

Vibrio's
TYPES OF BACTERIA
Cocci:

They are small, spherical and oval in shape. They have further arrangement of
bacteria as given below:
Arranged in pairs
Diplococci
e.g. Diplococcus pneumoniae
Arrange in chain
Streptococci
e.g. Streptococcus lactis
Arrange in group of four
Tetracocci
e.g. Micrococcus spp.
Arrange in form of clusters
Staphylococci
e.g. Staphylococcus aureus
Arrangement in group of eight
Sarcinae
e.g. Micrococcus tetragena
Bacilli:
They are rod shaped bacteria and they further arranged
as:

Two bacilli linked end to

Diplobacilli end
e.g. Moraxella bovis
Arrangement of bacilli
Streptobacilli occur as chain
e.g. Streptobacillus Felis
Short bacterial rod have
Coccobacilli shape of oval
e.g. Haemophilus
influenzae
Vibrio:
They are arranged in curved shape and appear like a comma .
e.g. Vibrio cholerae.

Spirilla:
They are spiral and helical in shape. They have a rigid body
structure and are thick in shape but as compared spirochete are
thin and flexible.
e.g. Spirillum ruprem
Actinomycetes:
• These are rigid organisms like true bacteria but they
resemble in fungi so they exhibit tend and
branching to form filaments.
• They resemble to sun rays when seen in tissue
section.
e.g. Actinomycetal
Mycoplasmas:

• These are the bacteria that don't possess cell wall

and hence posses unstable morphology.
• They occur in round or oval bodies.
ON THE BASIS OF NUTRITION
On the basis of mode of nutrition:
Heterotrophic bacteria
• Heterotrophic bacteria, that means they • Autotrophic bacteria are able to
can’t make their own food like plants
can made. Instead, they depend upon
external sources for nutrients.
• They need to consume organic
compounds from their environment to
obtain energy.
• They are also called as heterotrophs.
• Example:
All disease causing bacteria.
Autotrophic bacteria
produce their own food by using the
inorganic substances and used them as
a source of their energy.
• They also use energy from sunlight or
inorganic chemical reactions to give
energy to their metabolic processes.
• They are also called as autotrophs.
• Example:
Cyanobacteria
 Autotrophic Heterotrophic
bacteria bacteria
nutrition

nutrition
ON THE BASIS OF MODE OF
RESPIRATION
On the basis of mode of respiration:
Aerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Facultative bacteria

• These are the bacteria • These are the bacteria • These are the bacteria
which have ability to which have ability to which have the ability
grow in the presence of grow in the absence of to grow either in the
oxygen oxygen presence or absence of
oxygen.

Example: Example: Example:

 Pseudomonas  Spirochete  E.coli
Aerobic bacteria Anerobic bacteria Facultative bacteria
Pseudomonas Spirochete E.coli
ON THE BASIS OF STAINING
On the basis of staining:
Gram positive bacteria
• The cell wall of bacteria is made up
of peptidoglycan.
• They take up crystal violet dye and
retain blue or violet color.
Examples
• Enterococcus fecium
• Staphylococcus aureus
Gram negative bacteria
• The cell wall of bacteria is made up
of lipopolysaccharides.
• They don't take up crystal violet dye
and therefore appear as pink or red
color.
Examples
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ON THE BASIS OF
PATHOGENICITY
 Pathogenicity:
Pathogenicity refers as the ability of a pathogen
entering into host's tissues and results in
physiological or anatomical change and thus may
cause disease.
Disease may like infection or reduce host's immune
response.
They are often referred as Infectious agents, so they
are capable to seize inside the host cells.
• Non - pathogenic bacteria colonize or live in the
gut environment.
 Pathogenic bacteria
• Pathogenic bacteria can cause
diseases.
• Ability to produce toxins.
• Their symbiotic relationship is
parasitic.
• They spread through waste, soil,
food, and through physical contact.
For example:
Streptococcus's
Non pathogenic bacteria
• Non pathogenic bacteria cannot
cause disease
• They cannot produce toxins.
• Their symbiotic relationship is
Commensalism.
• They are used in manufacturing of
foods, Antibiotics, probiotics, and
fermented foods and bio fertilizers.
For example:
Lactobacillus
Non pathogenic strain of Pathogenic bacteria
E.coli
Other ways of classification of bacteria:

Classification on the basis of

temperature

Classification on the basis of

locomotory organs

Classification on the basis of pH

ON THE BASIS OF TEPERATURE
 On the basis of temperature:
 Psychrophilic bacteria:
These are the bacteria which can survive at
extremely cold temperature. These can survive at (0ºC).

Example:
Pseudomonas fluorescens

 Mesophilic bacteria:
These are the bacteria which can grow at
moderate temperature. These can survive at (20 to 40°C).

Example:
Salmonella enterica
 Temperature:
 Thermophilic bacteria:
These are the bacteria which can survive at
high hot temperature. These can survive at (50 to 60ºC).

Example:
Bacillus stearothermophilus

 Hyperthermophilic bacteria:
These are the bacteria which can grow at
extremely hot temperature. These can survive at above
80°C.

Example:
Pyrococcus furiosus
 ON THE BASIS OF
LOCOMOTARY ORGANS
 Locomotary organs:
• Bacteria which have one or more flagella are called as motile bacteria.
• Non motile bacteria are without flagella.
• Non motile bacteria without flagella are called Atrichous bacteria.
• Motile bacteria are further classified as:

Monotrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous Peritrichous

ON THE BASIS OF PH
On the basis of pH:
● Acidophiles:
Acidophiles or acidophilic bacteria are those who survive
in highly acidic conditions. They survive usually at pH 2.0 or at
below.
Example: Pediococcus

● Neutrophiles:
These are the bacteria that grows very best at neutral
pH.
Examples: E.coli

● Alkalophiles:
Alkalophiles or alkalophilic bacteria are those who
survive or grow in alkaline conditions. They survive usually at pH
8.5-11.
Medically important bacteria
flowchart
References:
• https://byjus.com/biology/bacteria
• https://www.slideshare.com
• https://quizlet.com
• https://basicmedicalkey.com/
Thank you