Lesson 3: • Staphylococcus aureus - these

MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ITS bacteria are spread having direct

CONTROL contact or inhaling infected
Microbial Growth and Its Control droplets
 Microbial Growth refers to an The importance of microorganism
increase I number of cell rather  they help you digest food
increase in cell size.  protect against infection
 Microbes refers to any  maintain your reproductive health
microorganisms,especially those Bacteria
causing disease or infection. The • Bacteria are found in every
term microbe was coined to refer habitat on earth:soil ,rock,oceans
to microscopic organisms and even arctic snow . Some live
including bacteria,fungi,protozoa in or on other organisms
and viruses including plant and animals
Ethmology: Greek mikro-(small)+bios (life) including human.There are
Synonym: microorganism(Micro-organism) approximately 10 times as many
 Bacteria are considered a type of bacterial cells found lining the
microorganism are single –celled digestive system.Some bacteria
organism live in soil or on dead plants
 Bacteria a living things can be matter where they play important
either pathogenic microorganism role in the cyling in yhe
and cause disease or can be nutrients.Some type cause
useful like human microbes in the spoilage and crop damage others
gastrointestinal or respiratory are useful in production of
tract fermented as yoghurt and soy
Types of Bacteria sauce.
 Spherical(cocci) Three Types of Bacteria
 Spiral(spirilla) • Spherical: Bacteria shapes like a
 Rod(bacilli) ballare called cocci and single
 Comma( Vibrios) bacterium is coccus .Examples
 Corkscrew (spirochaetes) include the streptococcus group
Two main types of bacteria responsible for strep throat
• Gram – positive bacteria – they • Rod shape:These are known as
appear purple blue under bacilli(singular Bacillus).Some
microscope comes different rod shape are are curved.These
shape spherical or round are known are vibrio.Examples of
shape,rod shape, rod shape bacteria include
• Gram – negative bacteria - these Bacillus anthrax
are oval or spherical bacteria are • Spiral:These are known as
among the most types of bacteria spirilla (singular spirillus).If their
known coil is very tight they are known
Most common bacteria as sprochetes.Leptospirosis,lyme
• Norovirus – that can cause disease and syphilis are caused
gastroenteritis,an inflammation of bybacteria of this shape
stomach and intestines Five Characteristics of Bacteria
• Salmonella Closridium perfringes
- can be found on raw meat • Unicellular
• Campylobacter - acquired by • Prokaryotic
eating raw meat, drinking • Microscopic
untreated water • Having Plasma Membrane
• No Nucleus
FATTOM Bacteria are transmitted to human
FATTOM is an acronym used to through air, water, food or living
describe the condition necessary for vectors. The principal modes of
bacterial growth: transmission of bacterial infection are
• Food contact, airborne, droplet, vectors and
• Acidity vehicular.
• Time General symptoms of a
• Temperature Bacterial infection
• Oxygen • Fever
• Moisture • Chills and sweats
Foods provide a perfect environment • Swollen lymph nodes
for bacterial growth, due to their • New or sudden worsenin of pain
provision of nutrients, energy and • Unexplained exhaustion
other components needed by • Headache
bacteria. • Skin flushing, swelling or
Bacteria can live in hotter and colder soreness
temperatures than human but they • Gastrointestinal symptoms such
best in warm, moist, protein rich as nausea vomiting, diarrhea or
environment that ph or slightly acidic. rectal pain.
Benefits of Bacteria How Bacteria Diagnosed
• Creating products, such as • A bacteria culture is a test to
ethanol and enzyme identify whether you have
• Making drugs such as antibiotics bacterial infection. It can be
and vaccines performed on a sample blood
• Making biogas such as methane stool, urine, skin mucus or spinal
• Killing plant pest fluid.
• Fermenting foods What happens when you have
Discoveries bacteria in your body?
Two men are credited today with • Some bacteria multiply so rapidly
discovery of microorganism using they crowd out host tissue and
primitive microscope: disrupt normal function.
• Robert Hooke who described Sometimes they kill cells and
the fruiting structures of molds in tissue,Some times they make
1665 toxins that can paralyze
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek who is GROWTH CYCLE
credited with discovery of • Bacterial growth is regulated by
bacteria in 1676 nutritional environment. When
Three Types of Bacterial Infections: suitable environment is there that
• Food poisoning(gastroenteritis) the time is incubated, its growth
• Sinus infection leads to increase in number of
• Sexually transmitted infection cells
Harmful bacteria are called Four Phase of GROWTH CYCLE
pathogenic bacteria because they • LAG PHASE
cause diseases and illnesses, such • Represents an initial period of no
as: growth in terms of increase in
• Strep throat cell number.
• Staph infection • LOG PHASE or EXPONENTIAL
• Cholera PHASE or GROWTH PHASE
• Tuberculosis • Period of rapid growth
 • The bacterial population
increases exponentially
• Continuous as long as cells have
adequate nutrients and good
environment
• STATIONARY PHASE
• Period of equilibrium.
• Cell division decrease to the
point that nes cells are produced
at same rate as old cells die
• In this stage microbial death is
equal to microbial growth
• i.e Death = Growth
• DEATH PHASE
• Also known as Logarithmic
Decline Phase
• Decline in number of viable cells
• Reverse of he log phase
• Nutrients consumed
WATER
• BACTERIA use water for
following purposes
• To dissolve the food they use
• Water allows the food to get into
the cells
• Used for many chemical
reactions for life and growth
• Water allows waste products to
escape
Control of Microorganism
• Although many microorganism
are beneficial and necessary for
human beings, microbial
activities may have undesirable
consequences as food spoilage
and disease,
• Therefore it is essential to be
able to kill a wide variety of
microorganism or inhibit their
growth to minimize their
destructive effects
The goal is two fold
• (1)To destroy pathogens and
prevent their transmission
• (2)To reduce or eliminate
microorganism responsible for
the contamination of water, food,
and other substance
Sterilization
• (Latin sterilis, unable to produce
offspring or barren) is the process
by which the living cells, viable
spores and viruses are either
destroyed or removed from an
object or habitat
• When sterilization is achieved by
chemical agent,the chemical is
called sterilant
Disinfection
• It is the process of killing,
inhibition or removal of
microorganism that may cause
disease.
• The primary goal is to destroy
potential pathogens ,used to
carry out disinfection also
substantially reduces total
microbial population
• Disinfectant are agents, usually
chemical, used to carry out
disinfection and are normally
used only on inanimate objects.
Sanitization
• Is closely related to disinfection
• In sanitization ,the microbial
population is reduced to levels
that are considered safe by
public health standards
Antisepsis
• (Greek: anti = against; sèpsis =
putrefaction)is the prevention of
infection and is accomplished
with antiseptics
• Antiseptics are chemical agents
applied to the tissue to prevent
infection by killing or inhabiting
pathogen growth, the also
reduced the total microbial
population