Solar Vegetables and Fruits

Dryer
Defense Presentation
Contents:
 Applications of Solar Dryer
 FYP Information
 Pakistan Agriculture System
 Solar Radiation in Pakistan
 History of Food Preservation
 Fruits and Vegetables in KPK
 Methods of Food Process( From Field to Market)
 List of KPK Dried Fruits and Vegetable
 Post-Harvest and Post-Harvest Loss
 Advantages of Solar Drying Food
 Estimated Loss for Rice in South Asia
 Market Share
 Problems Face by Farmers During Post-Harvest
 Literature Review
 Generic Food Supply Chain and Example of Food Waste
 Conceptual Design
 Post-Harvest Drying Process
 Gantt Chart
 Advantages of Solar Dryer
Final Year Presentation (FYP):
• Client = Vice Chancellor of CECOS University
• Client Name = Dr. Naseer Ahmad
• Supervisor Name : Engr. Muhammad Irfan Khan
• Group Information:
1) Shahbaz Khan [ Cu-378-2017]
2) Muhammad Usama [Cu-390-2019]
3) Muhammad Burhan [Cu-397-2019]
History:
The history of ‘Food Preservation’
dates back to ancient civilization.
Knowing the techniques of preserving
foods was the first and most important
step toward establishing civilization.
Different cultures at different times
and locations used almost the similar
basic techniques to preserve food
items.
Methods of Food Process ( From Field To
Market):

Growing Harvesting Processing

Packaging Distribution
Post-Harvest And Post-Harvest Loss:
• In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop
production immediately following harvest, including cooling,
cleaning, sorting and packing. The instant a crop is removed
Quantity
from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it begins
to deteriorate.
• Post-harvest loss can be defined as the degradation in both
quantity and quality of a food production from harvest to Post
consumption. Harvest
• It is widely recognized that there are several pre-harvest Loss
(genotype, growing environment, cultural practices, ripening
stage, etc.) and post-harvest (harvesting, post-harvest
treatments, packaging, storage, etc.)

Quality
Estimated Loss For rice in South Asia:
Problem Face by Farmers During Post-
Harvesting:
Quality
Degradation
During The
Drying Stage

Farmers

Storage Delays In
Facilities Transport
Generic Food Supply Chain and Examples of Food Waste:
Post-Harvest Drying Process:
• Drying is the phase of the post-harvest
Sun
system during which the product is rapidly Drying
dried until it reaches the “safe-moisture”
level. The aim of drying is to lower the Solar Hot Air
moisture content of the grain for safe Drying Drying
storage and further processing.
• Unlike sun drying, where the food is
exposed to direct sunlight, the solar drying Drying
method uses indirect sunlight. The principle Fluidized Process Contact
Bed
of the solar drying technique is to collect Drying
Drying
solar energy by heating the air volume in
solar collectors and to lead the warm air
from the collector to the drying chamber. Freeze Infrared
Drying Drying
Advantages of Solar Dryer:
To have a valuable quality product and to minimize the wastage,
artificial drying of the product should be employed.
The earlier dryers used conventional fuels like electricity, coal and
fossil fuel to heat ambient air for drying purpose.
Drying of agricultural product is an energy intensive operation.
High cost of fossil fuel and gradual depletion of its reserve has incited
the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source for dryers.
Applications of Solar Dryer in Industries:

Textiles Wood Paper Agriculture Food Processing Pharmaceutical

Pakistan Agriculture System:
Agriculture forms the base of the Pakistan economy, which produces
large quantities of grains, fruits and vegetables.
Agriculture in Pakistan remains by far the biggest employer of labor
and is an especially important sector from a social, livelihood and
foreign exchange perspective.
But due to the inadequate post harvest care, it is estimated that
about 30-40 percent of the produce is wasted.
Despite considerable public spending with support from development
partners, agriculture growth slowed down from an average of over 4%
per year between 1970-2000 to below 3% thereafter.
Solar Radiations in Pakistan:
Fruits and Vegetables in KPK:
 KPK Dried Fruits and Vegetables:
Apples Carrot

Pears Apricot

All types
Cabbage
of Green
Citrus
Fruit Bananas
s Vegetables

Almond Berries

Apricot Beans Okra

Advantages of Solar Drying Food:
Quality

Economical Cost

Market
Life
Value
Market Share:
 In 2019, Pakistan had a total cropped area of 22.1
million hectares. Of this, 65.8% were under food
crops, 24.2% were under cash crops, 6.7% were
under pulses, and 3.3% were under edible oilseeds.
 Vegetables constitute an integral component of the
cropping pattern, but the increasing pressure on food
and cash crops has limited the area under vegetables
to about 0.62 million hectares, which is 3.1% of the
total cropped area.
 In 2020, Pakistan produced approximately 5.5 million
ton of vegetables. Out of the total production, the
major states producing vegetables like potatoes,
onions, and tomatoes are Punjab, Sindh, and
Baluchistan. Other vegetables like mushrooms, garlic,
and chilly are also produced on a larger scale for
export purposes. Thus, the increasing population and
rising health awareness are anticipated to drive the
market during the forecast period.
Literature Review: Some solar Panels installed in Ghana
Conceptual Design:
Gantt Chart:
References:
1) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308030478_Review_of_
solar_dryer_for_grains_vegetables_and_fruits
2) https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s1370
5-015-0052-x
3) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308030478_Review_of_
solar_dryer_for_grains_vegetables_and_fruits
4) https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i9S2/I11680
789S219.pdf
5) https://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol3_issue2/ER32896902.pdf
6) https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/pakistan-fru
its-and-vegetables-market
Any Question????