Foundation Course

Unit-2
Concept of Disparity-1
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN-(VAM)
 Meaning of Violence Against Women.
• Violence against women and girls is a major health and
human rights issue.
• At least one in every five of the world’s female population
has been physically or sexually abused by a man or men at
some time in their life.
• The United Nations defines violence against women as "any
act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to
result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to
women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in
private life."
 Facts of Violence Against Women
• According to the UN, "there is no region of the world, no
country and no culture in which women’s freedom from
violence has been secured.“ Several forms of violence are
more prevalent in certain parts of the world, often in
developing countries.
• Global estimates published by WHO indicate that about 1 in
3 (35%) of women worldwide have experienced either
physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-
partner sexual violence in their lifetime.
• Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are
committed by a male intimate partner.
• Violence can negatively affect women’s physical, mental,
sexual, and reproductive health
 Facts of Violence Against Women
• For example, dowry violence and bride
burning is associated with India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
• Honor killing is associated with the Middle
East and South Asia and South East
countries.
• Female genital mutilation is found mostly in
Africa, and to a lesser extent in the Middle
East and some other parts of Asia. Marriage
by abduction is found in Ethiopia, Central
Asia.
 Types of Violence
• Psychological Violence : (Abusive language,
humiliation, harassment, mockery, threat.
• Psychical Violence: (Pushing, heating, beating,
torture)
• Sexual Violence: ( Unwanted sexual touching, rape
etc.)
• Financial Violence: (Total or partial control of a
couples finances, preventing a partner from taking
employment outside the home or engaging in other
activities
• Spiritual Violence: (Forbidding practice of a religion
to observe to religious practices that are not their
own
 Causes of Violence Against Women

• Men are superior to women.

• Subordinate status to women.
• Women take up the submissive role.
• Female child is exposed to gender difference
in the family since birth.
• Gender difference at the time of female
foeticide.
Effects of Violence Against Women
• Mental Effects: In case of abduction, rape effects
may be severe and life long
• Physical Effects: Wife battering, physical assault by
in-laws.Sometimes victim even become physically
disable.
• Social Effects: In case of rape, sexual abuse victim
may not be able to move freely
• Impacts on Children: Children who grow up in
families where there is violence may suffer a range of
behavioural and emotional disturbances.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3xQfVYj
NaQ&ab_channel=Indiatimes