MAGLEV TRAINS

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF: PRESENTED BY:

Mr.K.MAHESH M.Tech KURAPATI YAMINI
Asst.PROFESSOR (20C15A0228)
 CONTENTS
•Abstract
•Introduction
•Materials
•Magnetic Levitation techniques
•Working
•Block Diagram
•Applications
•Advantages and Disadvantages
•Conclusion
•References
 ABSTRACT

Increasing demand for transportation due to the large population and growing cities, the normal
transportation system is not suffice to soothe the needs of metropolitan cities. This gives rise to a more sustainable
mode of transportation with the help of electromagnetism and superconducting magnets, the MAGLEV train magnetic
levitation abbreviated as maglev is an advanced technology of levitation that uses magnetic forces for the propulsion
of vehicles rather than using a wheel, bearing and axels. The magnetic forces are assigned to lift and propel the
vehicles along the guideway. The Maglev trains promise drastic improvement in transportation services. The
phenomenal technology of magnetic levitation provides no reliance on frictional forces, thus providing quieter and
smoother operations such as acceleration and deceleration. Although conventional wheeled transportation provides
high-speed transportation services, the high-speed maglev trains anytime provide environmentally friendly, efficient,
and higher magnitudes of speed service.
 INTRODUCTION
• Overcoming the grip of the Earth’s gravity has been a major challenge for years. However, the work of scientists
and engineers who have found many ways to levitate a variety of objects is being applied in the field of
transportation in several countries.
• Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a way of using electromagnetic fields to levitate objects without any noise or the
need for petrol or air.
• The world is moving at a great pace, and people need a faster transportation system to travel. A high-speed
intercity using maglev train offers a very high speed, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. It also
offers a good cost-benefit ratio as regards land purchase, construction, operation, maintenance, and
environmental protection.
 MAGNETIC LEVITATION
• Magnetic Levitation,
maglev or magnetic
suspension is a method by
which an object
is suspended with no
support other than magnetic
fields.
• Magnetic force is used to
counteract the effect of
gravitational force.
• Basic principle of
magnetic levitationis that it
uses magnetic fields to
 MATERIALS
• Diamagnetic materials, Ferromagnetic materials, and superconductors are used in
magnetic levitation.
• In the case of diamagnetic materials if the repulsive force due to a magnetic field
on the object is exactly equal to the weight of the object, then the object may be
levitated in the air.
• The magnetic fields required for this type of levitation are very large, typically.
Producing such large fields requires using superconductive magnets (niobium-tin and
niobium-titanium are used to make superconducting magnets).
 MEISSNER EFFECT

When superconductors are cooled below the critical temperature, they expel magnetic
field and do not allow the magnetic field to penetrate inside them called MEISSNER
EFFECT.
 MAGNETIC LEVITATION TECHNIQUES

• There are two types of magnetic levitation techniques

1. Electromagnetic technique
2. Electrodynamic technique
 ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVITATION

• Electromagnetic levitation (EML)

uses the attractive force
between electromagnets on the
levitated object and the circuit
on the ground.
• In an attractive system, the moving
component, or carrier, is suspended
under the fixed component, or guide
track.
• The attractive system uses feedback
control, is complicated, and requires
power to levitate a carrier.
 ELECTRODYNAMIC LEVITATION
• Electrodynamic levitation makes
use of the repulsive force
between magnet (superconductive
magnets) on the levitated
object and induced
current in the secondary circuit on
the ground.
• The repulsive system utilizes
permanent magnets and air-core
electromagnet coils running
constant
current to provide repulsive force.
It has a simple configuration and
 NORMAL SUPER CONDUCTING
ELECTROMAGNET ELECTROMAGNET
 Helium Compressor
Liquid Helium

Radiation Shield

Liquid Nitrogen
MAGNETIC
LEVITATIO
N
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

To successfully operate a magnetically levitated train we have to

achieve the following three objectives

 Propel
 Levitate
 Guidance
 PROPULSION

• Propelling a train forward is an

easy task. For this purpose, we
use a series of normal
electromagnets they are called
propelling coils. The propelling
coils are powered in an
alternative manner as shown
and are placed inside a
guideway.
Force acting on the superconducting coils due to the propelling coils
 LEVITATION

• Levitation is achieved with the help of these simple figure eight-shaped coils which are not even
powered. Many such eight-figure-shaped coils are arranged in the guideway. The resultant magnetic
field produced by these pair of magnets is very similar to a long pair of permanent magnet.
• If a bar magnet moves parallel to these
figure eight shaped coils the varying
magnetic flux will induce EMF on both
the loops according to faradays law, and
in the opposite direction and get
canceled out by each other.

• If the magnet is slightly offset from the

loop shown here the bottom loop faces
magnetic flux of higher strength and
EMF induced in the bottom loop will be
higher than on the top loop that produces
levitation.
Upward pull
 GUIDANCE

• Guidance means the train should always be centered it should move with
out hitting the side walls. In other words it should achieve lateral stability
• If the train is in the center the induced
EMF on the right and left coils will be
equal and no current flow through the
interconnecting coil

• Suppose the train has moved slightly

the right this shift will cause an EMF
difference between the right and left
coils resulting in the interconnecting
coils having a current flow which
forces the train to move back to the
center.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MAGLEV TRAIN
 APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC LEVITATION

• Maglev train
• Magnetic Bearing
• Contactless Melting
• Product Display
• Maglev fan
• Maglev wind turbine
• Flywheels etc.
 MAGLEV TRAIN

• Maglev trains work on the

principle of magnetic
repulsion between the
cars and the track.
• A maglev train floats
about 10mmabove the
guide way on a magnetic
field. It is propelled by the
guideway itself rather than
an onboard engine by
changing magnetic fields.
 MAGNETIC BEARING
• A magnetic bearing system supports
a rotating shaft, without any
physical contact by suspending the
rotor in the air, with an electrically
controlled magnetic force.
• It works on the principle of
Magnetic Levitation and
Electromagnetism. We can call it
as the future for upcoming
generation of motors.
 CONTACTLESS MELTING
• Metal having high resistance can be levitated and melt in
magnetic field.
 PRODUCT DISPLAY
• For displaying the product by levitating it in
air.
 MAGLEV WIND TURBINE

• Magnetic levitation system is an extremely efficient

system for wind energy.

• The vertically oriented blades of the wind turbine

are suspended in the air above the base of the
machine, replacing the need for ball bearings.

• The turbines use full-permanent magnets, not

electromagnets. Therefore it does not require
electricity to run.
 ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV

• Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same speed.
• Accidents are very rare.

• The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of conventional long-distance
railroads.

• Complete automatization is possible. Research shows that maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250
times safer than conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel...
• Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard.

• The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible, poor penetration transmitters of
heat, and able to withstand fire.
 DISADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV

• High cost is incurred on the initial setup.

• Maglev trains require an all-new setup right from the scratch.
• As the present railway infrastructure is of no use for maglev, it will
either have to be replaced with the maglev system or an entirely new
setup will have to be created; both of which will cost a decent
amount in terms of the initial investment.
• Although the maglev is pretty quiet, noise caused by air disturbance
still occurs.
 CONCLUSION
• As we are running out of fossil fuels it’s high time to switch to alternate resources
which saves not only our lives but also the planet.
• One such alternative is magnetic levitation.
• Magnetic levitation finds its applications in many fields like industries,
toys, transportation, etc.
• Use of magnetic levitation is non-toxic, non polluting in nature.
• Magnetic levitation is a technology that is still being newly developed.
• India has taken the first step towards running a truly high-speed train by opting for
magnetic levitation (Maglev) technology under which the screech of the wheel
hitting the track is obviated as the train floats at high speeds a few inches over the
track.
• If all goes well, India will join the club of two dozen countries running
ultra-high-speed trains.
 REFERENCES

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anbr.202100103
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect
• https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/je/2013/537986.pdf
• https://www.circuitstoday.com/working-of-maglev-trains
THANK YOU