3.

6 COOLING BY
EVAPORATION
In this topic you will understand:
How evaporation causes cooling.
 EVAPORATION

Evaporation is a process of changing the state from liquid to gas.

At room temperature, the water particles are moving around in random directions. Some of
the particles move faster than others. The speed of the particles is random which is
unpredictable.

The particles in the water that are moving faster have more energy. Some of the particles
have enough energy to escape from the surface of the liquid and become particles of gas.
Some of the liquid particles are pulled back into the liquid, but others have sufficient
energy to leave and not get pulled back into the liquid.
Look at diagram, this diagram shows how the
water is being evaporated.
 EVAPORATION AND COOLING

Temperature is a measure of the average energy of particles.

When the particles having the highest energy escape from the water, causing average
energy of particles to decrease which remains. Therefore, the temperature of the water will
decrease, so evaporation causes cooling.
The water cooler is made from porous clay. The word “ porous “ means that water can
slowly soak through the clay. Some water soaks through the clay to the outside when filled
with water. This water evaporates into the surrounding air, cooling the water inside the
water cooler.
Look at this picture, this picture shows some
ancient water coolers. Which uses evaporation
to cool down the water.
 EVAPORATION AND COOLING

Different liquids have different forces holding the particles together.

Some liquids have forces between particles that are weaker than those in water and some
are stronger.
Perfumes have weaker forces between the particles. Perfumes are designed to evaporate
quickly and easily so you can smell them.
If you put the same volume of perfume and water at the same temperature on your skin, the
perfume will feel colder because the perfume evaporates faster than water, so removes the
thermal energy faster.
Look at this picture, this picture shows a
perfume being sprayed, which also uses
evaporation for cooling.
Thank You