“On those who gave us the

knowledge of Electricity”
How it Started?
• There is a phrase in English “It all began with Greeks”.
• Architecture, science, drawing and caricature.
 Thales(546 BC)
• was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and
astronomer from Miletus (present-day Milet in Turkey). .
• He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably
Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the
Greek tradition.
• Thales's theorem: if AC is a diameter, then the angle at B is a right
angle.
• First ever observation of the electrical phenomenon found in
lodestone(magnetite).
• Difference between living and Dead.
Suicide of Socrates, 399 BC
• Athenians accused of "refusing to recognize the gods recognized
by the state" and of "corrupting the youth.“
• Socrates was 70 years old.
• Athenian law prescribed death by drinking a cup of poison
hemlock. Socrates would be his own executioner.
 William Gilbert (24 May 1544 – 30 Nov 1603)
• an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher.
• is credited as one of the originators of the term "electricity". He
is regarded by some as the father of electrical engineering or
electricity and magnetism.
• The English word "electricity" was first used in 1646 by
Sir Thomas Browne, derived from Gilbert's 1600 New Latin
electricus, meaning "like amber".
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790)
• was an American polymath and one of the
Founding Fathers of the United States(one of big3).
• Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist,
politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor,
humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.
• Franklin started exploring the phenomenon of electricity in
1746 when he saw some of Archibald Spencer's lectures
using static electricity for illustrations.
• Franklin was the first to label them as positive and negative
respectively, and he was the first to discover the principle of
conservation of charge.
From America to Europe
Luigi Galvani (9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798)
• was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher,
who discovered animal electricity.
• He is recognized as the pioneer of bioelectromagnetics. In
1780, he discovered that the muscles of dead frogs' legs
twitched (sudden jerk)when struck by an electrical spark.
• Galvani.mp4
Alessandro Antonio Anastasio Volta(18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827)
• was an Italian physicist, chemist, and a pioneer of electricity
and power, who is credited as the inventor of the electrical
battery and the discoverer of methane.
• He invented the Voltaic pile in 1799.
• volta.mp4
Galvani vs. Volta
• Volta realised that the frog's leg served as both a conductor of
electricity (what we would now call an electrolyte) and as a detector
of electricity. He replaced the frog's leg with brine-soaked paper, and
detected the flow of electricity.
• In this way he discovered the electrochemical series.
• In 1800, as the result of a professional disagreement over the galvanic
response advocated by Galvani, Volta invented the voltaic pile, an
early electric battery, which produced a steady electric current.[13]
Volta had determined that the most effective pair of dissimilar metals
to produce electricity was zinc and copper.
Napolean and volta
• Napolean (Guerrilla warfare) was ruling France. He wasn’t
comfortable to see that the British Scientists were making rapid
progress in field of Physics.
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (14 June 1736 –
23 August 1806)
• was a French military engineer and physicist.
• He is best known for developing what is now known as
Coulomb's law, the description of the electrostatic force
of attraction and repulsion, but also did important work
on friction.
• Torsion balance experiment
 Hans Christian Ørsted(14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851)
• was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that
electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first
connection found between electricity and magnetism.
• He is still known today for Oersted's Law.
• The oersted (symbol Oe) is the unit of the
auxiliary magnetic field H.
• Play video
André-Marie Ampère(20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836)
• was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the
founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he
referred to as "electrodynamics". He is also the inventor of
numerous applications, such as the solenoid (a term coined by
him) and the electrical telegraph.
• In September 1820, Ampère's friend and François Arago showed
the members of the French Academy of Sciences the surprising
discovery of Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted that a
magnetic needle is deflected by an adjacent electric current.
• Ampère began developing a mathematical and physical theory
to understand the relationship between electricity and
magnetism.
• Furthering Ørsted's experimental work, Ampère showed that two
parallel wires carrying electric currents attract or repel each
other, depending on whether the currents flow in the same or
opposite directions, respectively - this laid the foundation of
electrodynamics.
Ampère and his discoveryth in 7 days
• Oersted presented his paper – 11 of September 1820
• Ampere went on stage to present his observation – 18thSeptember
1820
• Within 7 days Ampere had absorbed the crux of Oersted experiment
• Ampere bonded Electricity and Magnetism.
• Right hand rule
• Ampère's law, which states that the mutual action of two lengths of current-
carrying wire is proportional to their lengths and to the intensities of their
currents.
Georg Simon Ohm (16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854)
• was a German physicist and mathematician. As a school
teacher, Ohm began his research with the new
electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist
Alessandro Volta.
• His ambition was to obtain an appointment in University.
• His family profession (locksmith) was a gift in disguise.
• Finally he came up with I=E/R, which infact made little or
no impact on German educational system.
• Got criticized for his work, was forced to resign.
• France and Britain flourished Ohm.
A beautiful blend of 3 Nationalities

Italy Volta

French Ampere I= E
R
German Ohm
Squeeze out Electricity out Magnetic field?
Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867)
• was a (poor book binder) British scientist who contributed to
the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
• Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the
most influential scientists in history.
• When magnetic lines of force are intercepted by a conductor,
a flow of current is produced in its body.
• He hasn’t been President of the Royal Society, he wasn’t
knighted by the Queen because of his extreme modesty.
• Unit of electrical capacitance “FARAD”
connection between electricity and magnetism
Jean-Baptiste Biot(21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) )
• was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who
is primarily known for the Biot–Savart law of
electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his
colleague Jean-Baptiste Biot.

Félix Savart (30 June 1791, 16 March 1841 )

• was a physicist, mathematician.
Mathematics is the queen of the sciences.
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss 30 April 1777 – 23
February 1855)
• was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant
contributions to many fields, including algebra, analysis, astronomy,
differential geometry, electrostatics, geodesy, geophysics, magnetic
fields, matrix theory, mechanics, number theory, optics and statistics.
• Carl Gauss was an perfectionist and a hard worker. He was never a
prolific writer, refusing to publish work which he did not consider
complete and above criticism. This was in keeping with his personal
motto pauca sed matura ("few, but ripe"). His personal diaries indicate
that he had made several important mathematical discoveries years or
decades before his contemporaries published them.
• Scottish-American mathematician and writer Eric Temple Bell said that
if Gauss had published all of his discoveries in a timely manner, he
would have advanced mathematics by fifty years.
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June
1831 – 5 November 1879)
• was a Scottish scientist in the field of
mathematical physics.
• His most notable achievement was to formulate the
classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing
together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and
light as different manifestations of the same
phenomenon.
• Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been
called the "second great unification in physics" after the
first one realised by Isaac Newton.
Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943)
• was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer,
mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist who is best
known for his contributions to the design of the modern
alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.