AIR LAW & REGULATION

(ALR3104)

PREPARED BY:
Sir Muhammad
Nurulfaqih
Aviation Management Colleg
e
 ATTIRE & DRESS CODE
• NO slippers.
• NO round collar t-shirts.
• NO bikini.
 HOW TO SCORE MY
SUBJECT?

Regularly ATTEND the class.

Give 100% ATTENTION to the lecture.

Do and submit ASSIGNMENT.
 Participate and active in class (Be sporting &
don’t be shy)
 Ask question.
 Answer question.
 HOW TO SCORE MY
SUBJECT?
 STUDY.
 FOCUS.

 Take IMPORTANT NOTE from my

lecture.

 THINK out of box.

 THE MOST IMPORTANT
THING

JUST DO IT

I’m here to assist you, but you are the

one who will make a decision.
 LESSON TIMELINE
 4 CREDIT HOURS.
 14 Weeks in Nov Semester.
 10 TOPICS to be covered.
 Midterm Examination will be up to LECTURE 4 or 5.
FULL CARRY MARKS -
RESULTS
 Mid Term Test:
(i)RCA: 10%
(ii)Written test : 10%
 Quiz : 5%
 Activity : 10%
 Assignment : 15%
 Final Exam : 50%
 (40% MCQ & 10% Essay)
 TOTAL: 100%
 COURSE OUTLINES
 Lecture 1: History of Air Law
 Lecture 2: Chicago Convention 1944
 Lecture 3: ICAO Annexes 1-19
 Lecture 4: Freedoms of the Air
 Lecture 5: Civil Aviation Act 1969
 Lecture 6: Civil Aviation Regulations 2016 (CAR 2016: Part I, II, III
& IV)
 Lecture 7: Civil Aviation Regulations 2016 (CAR 2016: Part V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX and X)
 Lecture 8: Civil Aviation Regulations 2016 (CAR 2016: Part XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV & XVI)
 Lecture 9: Civil Aviation Regulations 2016 (CAR 2016: Part XVII,
XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, XXIII and XXIV)
 Lecture 10: Civil Aviation Regulations 2016 (CAR 2016: Part XXV,
XXVI, and XXVII)
 OBJECTIVE

To provide the students with overview of the

law and regulations that can be applicable
to Malaysia Civil Aviation Environment
and International Aviation Laws.
MOTIVATIONAL QUOTES
MOTIVATIONAL QUOTES
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

 At the end of this subject, the student should be

able to:
1. understand history of the establishment of all aviation
laws.
2. understand 19 Annexes and the right to fly an aircraft in
the airspace.
3. own the basic understanding about Malaysia’s Law Act 3.
4. identify and analyze study case based on Civil Aviation
Regulations 2016 (CAR 2016).
 IMPORTANT BOOKS

1. Main Book/Resources:
 CIVIL AVIATION REGULATION 2016 (CAR 2016)
 Civil Aviation Act 1969 (CAA 1969)
 The Convention on International Civil Aviation ICAO (Annex 1-19)
2. Other references:
 Civil Aviation (Aerodrome Operations) Regulations 2016
 Civil Aviation (Fees And Charges) Regulations 2016
 Civil Aviation (Amendment) Act 2015
 Malaysian Aviation Commission Act 2015
3. Internet, journals and etc.
What come into your mind about
air law and regulation?

Please write in your words about

the statement above within 30
minutes and submit. Using A4
paper size.
CHAPTER 1
HISTORY OF AIR LAW
Regulation & Nature of Air Law &
Int. Air Law
Introduction of UN Organizations
(ICAO, IATA, FAA and etc.)
CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF AIR LAW
& NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL
AIR LAW
Air
 Atmosphere (airspace), ambiance, circumstances that connect

organism.

Law
 The principle and regulation established in a community by

some authority and applicable to its people.

Regulations
 Any adjustment, modification, modulation or act or
controlling the set (community, materials, conditions & etc).
Usually in small package, and for particular items.
Air Law:
 The law of aircraft, their passengers and cargo, and their

transit above states and other governed territory.

What is Legislation?
PLZ…differentiate it?
CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF AIR LAW &
NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL AIR LAW
1ST HAGUE CONFERENCE - 1899

2ND HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCE - 1907

PARIS CONVENTION - 1919

PAN - THE HAVANA CONVENTION - 1928

WARSAW CONVENTION - 1929

*CHICAGO CONVENTION - 1944 (Chapter 2)

Cont.
ICAO (1947) - *ARTICLE (1-97) (Chapter 2) & *ANNEX (1-18) (Chapter 3)

IATA - *NINE FREEDOM (1-9) (Chapter 4)

*CAA (1969) - Malaysia (Chapter 5)

*MCAR (1996) - Malaysia

CIVIL AVIATION REGULATION 2016

(Newest Regulation in Malaysia)
(Chapter 6)
CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF AIR LAW &
NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL AIR LAW

How and when history air law begin?

 Early flight (1783), first aircraft-hot air balloons.

Used for:
 Mid-air transport.
 Carriage of mails.
 Military purpose.
 Meteorology purpose.

 In 1785, balloon crossed the English channel (between England and

Atlantic ocean) without permit!!
* The first regulation for safety in aerial navigation was made in 1819.*
CHAPTER 1: 1st Hague Conference (1899)

Why 1st Hague Conference (1899) established?

 First multilateral agreements that addressed the conduct of

warfare.
 For aviation: made a declaration prohibiting the discharge of

projectiles from balloons or other new methods of a similar

nature. (and no permit)
Cont.
*In 1902 ,International Air Law was prepared in
draft.*

First Hague Conference (1899)

in Netherlands.
CHAPTER 1: 2nd Hague Conference (1907)

Why the second Hague peace conference(1907)

established?
 Due to large number of aeroplanes were flown in

Europe. (German, Russia , Portugal & etc)

 But many power refused their oath to renew their

moral resolution of 1st Conference.

CHAPTER 1: Paris Convention (1919)

What is the Paris Convention (1919)?

 Occur after WW1 (1914), before WW2 (1939).
 1st International Convention discussing about
International Aerial Navigation.
 Matters discuss such as:
 Airspace Sovereignty,
 Airspace Rules,
 Airworthiness of Aircraft,
 Nationality of Aircraft,
 and etc.
Cont.
But US and South American countries did not
adopt it!!!!

*Then in 1928, they established their on rules which

pari materia to Paris Convention.
The conference names is The Havana Convention
1928 and being in Havana.

*pari materia - Upon the same matter or subject. Statutes in pari

materia are to be construct together.
CHAPTER 1: WARSAW CONVENTION
(1929)

What is Warsaw Convention (1929)?

 conference that discussed about rules relating to
international CARRIAGE by air.
 carriage such as:
 persons,
 luggage,

 or goods performed by aircraft for

reward.
CHAPTER 1: CHRONOLOGY

hot air balloons don’t have 1ST HAGUE CONFERENCE - 1899

permit/no projectiles

large number of
2ND HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCE - 1907 aeroplanes flown in Europe

International
Aerial Navigation PARIS CONVENTION - 1919

Pari
PAN – THE HAVANA CONVENTION - 1928 Materia

Rules of WARSAW CONVENTION - 1929

carriage

CHICAGO CONVENTION - 1944 (Chapter 2)

CHAPTER 1: NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL
AIR LAW

• The primary rule of international air law was formally stated first in Article 1 of
the Paris Convention 1919 relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation.
• Its stated: "The High Contracting Parties recognize that every Power has
complete and exclusive sovereignty over the air space above its territory . . . “

• Based on that:
INTERNATIONAL LAW:
is the body of legal rules which apply between sovereign states & such other entities
as have been granted international personality.

INTERNATIONAL AIR LAW :

is the body of legal principles and rules included within the scope of BOTH
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND AIR LAW.
CHAPTER 1:
IMPORTANT foreign and
malaysia
AIRWORTHINESS
AUTHORITIES
CHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)

What is it?
 Specialized agencies of the United Nations.

 Provide GENERAL RULES and mediates international

concerns to an extent regarding aviation law.

 Formed on 4th April 1947.

 Headquartered in Montreal.

 Currently, 191 Contracting States (members).

*Contracting States - Signatory of the Chicago Convention. Malaysia as a signatory

bound to the Chicago Convention. Agree to adopt ICAO guideline as basis of their
own civil aviation regulation.
 Cont.
32

Why is it important?
Global body charged for:
 standard development for international civil aviation,

 standard safety and security,

 and global forums for international aviation issues.

Cont.
What are the aims and objectives?
 Article 44 of the Chicago Convention states that the aims and

objectives of ICAO are to develop the principles and

techniques of international air navigation and to foster the
planning and development of international air transport.

ICAO World Headquarters,

Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Cont.
How ICAO being structured?
Composed of:
1. Assembly
 Consist of representative from contracting states.
 Meet every 3 years.
 To review and mended policies, work program, etc.
 The council adopts SARPs - Annexes
2. Council
 Governing body which elected by the assembly for 3
years term. Comprises of delegates from 36 contracting
states, base on the:
• Key important in air transport.
• Key contributors to the provision of facilities for air
navigation.
• Stated whose designation will ensure all
major area of the world are represented.
Cont.
3. Secretariat
 Composed of staff recruited on a broad geographical basis
and headed by the Secretary – General and divided into 5
main sectors:
 The Air Navigation Bureau.
 The Air Transport Bureau.
 The Technical Co-operation Bureau.
 The Legal Bureau.
 The Bureau of Administrative and Services.
Cont.
ICAO External Relations.
 Works closely with world bodies:
 World Meteorological Organization,
 International Telecommunication Union,
 Universal Postal Union,
 World Health Organisation, and
 International Maritime Organisation.
 Work closely with non-governmental organizations:
 International Air Transport Association (IATA),
 Airports Council International,
 International Federation of Air Lines Pilots’ Associations,
 International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations.
CHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL AIR
TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA)

 Trade association of the world’s airlines.

 Mission:

to represent, lead and serve the airline industry and to provide

safe, secure transportation to its passengers.
 Headquartered in Montreal.

 Executive Offices in Geneva.

 Membership: 260 AIRLINES

CHAPTER 1: FEDERAL AVIATION
ADMINISTRATION
(FAA)
What is it?
 National aviation authority of the United States.

 Issue and enforces rules, regulation and minimum standard

relating to aeronautical activities in United States.

 Headquartered in Washington D.C.
CHAPTER 1: EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY
AGENCY (EASA)

What is it?
 An agency of European Union (EU).

 Regulate executive tasks in the field of civilian aviation

safety.
 Based in Cologne, Germany.

 Created on 15 July 2003, and fully function in 2008, taking

over the functions of Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA).

EASA PART-66 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE
LICENSE (AML)
What is it Part-66?
 Conditions under which a maintenance engineer is authorized to
release an aircraft into service after a maintenance operation.
 Required type rating qualifications for the aircraft or particular
tasks.
 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) responsible for ensuring
that National Competent Authorities (e.g.: Department Civil
Aviation Malaysia) verify aircraft engineer license applications
under EASA Implementing Rule (IR) Part-66.
 Part-66 is a common European aircraft maintenance licenses
recognized in all EASA
member states.

Based on JOINT AVIATIONREQUIREMENTS (JARS).

EASA PART-66 LICENCE

 Required for engineers to obtain ‘approvals’ to work on

aircraft.
 Issued by companies who are themselves approved by the
EASA Part 145 usually after ‘type training’.
 Only approved engineer can sign off work on the aircraft
within his/her license authority.
 So for anyone who aspires to work on civil aircraft as a
maintenance engineer, the Part 66 is a must.
 This means passing all the modules to make up that particular
license.
*Please find out what are EASA Part 145 & Part 147?
Cont.
 The license categories are:
 Category A - Line mechanic (airframes and engines).

 A1: Turbine Engine Aeroplanes

 A2: Piston Engine Aeroplanes
 A3: Turbine Engine Helicopters
 A4: Piston Engined Helicopters
 Category B1 - Licensed engineer (mechanical, airframes

and engines).
 B1.1: Turbine Engine Aeroplanes (5 years max)
 B1.2: Piston Engine Aeroplanes (3 years max)
 B1.3: Turbine Engine Helicopters (5 years max)
 B1.4: Piston Engine Helicopters (3 years max)
Cont.
 Category B2 - Licensed engineer (avionics).
 B2: Avionic (5 years max)
 Category B3 - Licensed engineer (piston engine aircraft of
mass 2000kg and below).
 B3: Aircraft below 2,000kg mass (3 years max)
 Category C - Licensed engineer (base maintenance).
 Requires 3 years experience as a B1.1, B1.3, or B2 engineer or 5
years as a B1.2 or B1.4 engineer.
EASA PART-66 MODULE
 MODULE 1: MATHEMATICS
 MODULE 2: PHYSICS
 MODULE 3: ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS
 MODULE 4: ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS
 MODULE 5: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES/ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEMS
 MODULE 6: MATERIALS & HARDWARE
 MODULE 7: MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
 MODULE 8: BASIC AERODYNAMICS
 MODULE 9: HUMAN FACTORS
 MODULE 10: AVIATION LEGISLATION
 MODULE 11: AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS,STRUCTURES AND
SYSTEMS
 MODULE 12: HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND
SYSTEMS
Cont.
 MODULE 13: AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND
SYSTEMS
 MODULE 14: PROPULSION SYSTEM (AVIONICS)
 MODULE 15: GAS TURBINE ENGINE
 MODULE 16: PISTON ENGINE
 MODULE 17: PROPELLER
Civil Aviation Authority of
Malaysia
 The Department of Civil
Aviation (DCA) is now
known as the Civil
Aviation Authority of
Malaysia (CAAM)
effective in (Feb 19), in
line with the
Government's
commitment to spur the
nation's aviation industry
to greater heights.
ANY QUESTIONS??
 YOUR WORK, NOT MY WORK!!!

There are several other important airworthiness authorities that

not being mentioned such as CAA UK, JAA and others.
Please find out the functions of these authorities. This task
will be counted as 1ST QUIZ. Next week submit in A4
paper. Hand written. Hahahahahahahaha….
 REMINDER!!!!!!!!!!
 Please print all the necessary references for your
guidance.
 Fail to do so, you are LEGEND everyday.