PROTEINS

>> Classification of proteins on the basis of

(i) MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(ii) HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS
>> Structure of Proteins
(till SECONDARY STRUCTURE)

Marilyn 12
 INTRODUCTION
PROTEINS are complex nitrogenous polymeric substances present in all
forms of living matter.
 ‘Proteins’ is derived from Greek word ‘proteios’ which means first.

A polymer is any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large

molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called
monomers.
 Proteins are first among natural polymers essential or growth and
maintenance of life.
 They are obtained by the condensation polymerization of
α-amino acids through the formation of peptide bonds.

 Peptides which are <100 amino acids are Polypeptides

 Peptides which are >100 amino acids are Proteins

 Molecular weight of Proteins is more than 10,000

 The protoplasm of plant or animal contains 10-20%
proteins.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS
 1. Based on MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
2. Based on HYDROLYSIS
 SIMPLE PROTEINS
Simple proteins are made up of amino acid subunits joined together by peptide bonds. When
hydrolyzed by enzymes, simple proteins yield only the amino acids from which they are
comprised of. Examples of simple proteins include albumins in egg, keratin in hair, skin
collagen, silk, globulins, and albuminoids.

 CONJUGATED PROTEINS
A conjugated protein is a protein that functions
in interaction with other chemical groups called prosthetic
groups that are attached by covalent bonding or weak
interactions. They help proteins control biological functions.
(go through the examples on Pg 14.19)

 DERIVED PROTEINS
Derived proteins are those proteins that are obtained
from simple or conjugated proteins by partial or
complete hydrolysis. Examples include proteases and
peptons.
 STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS (Go through points 1&2 under 14.14.2)

 PRIMARY STRUCTURE
 The specific sequence in which the α-amino acids present in the polypeptide chain of a
protein are linked to one another is called its primary structure.
 The primary structure of proteins dissolved in water is
not disrupted by heating above 80 degree Celsius.
 Any change in primary structure, i.e., in the sequence of
amino acids creates a different protein.
 SECONDARY STRUCTURE
 By Linus Pauling and Robert B Corey.
The conformation which the polypeptide chains assume as a result of
hydrogen bonding is called the secondary structure of protein .
The two stable common arrangements are the
• α-helix structures
• β-pleated sheet
Both if these incorporate features that are especially important.
• The geometry of peptide bond is planar and the main chain is arranged in an anti-
conformation.
• Hydrogen bonding can occur between the N-H group of one amino acid unit and C=O
group of another if they are close in space.
Inter Molecular H-bonding Intra molecular H-bonding