DR.

SYED SHAFQUAT ALI SHAH RIZVI

Pharm-D, M.Phil (Pharmaceutics), PhD* (Pharmacognosy)
Lecturer
College of Pharmacy,
LUMHS Jamshoro, Sindh.
 h i s
a rc
e s e ?
y R a n t
W h o r t
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How To Select A
Research Topic?
What To Select In A
Research Topic?
Drug Resistance
What Makes Drug Resist?

 Drugs targeting only specific bacterial molecules (almost always proteins) &
because the drug is so specific, any mutation in these molecules will interfere
with or negate its destructive effect.

 Abuse of antibiotics leading to development of super-resistant bacteria.

 Bacteria are capable of not only altering the enzyme targeted by antibiotics, but
also by the use of enzymes to modify the antibiotic itself and thus neutralize it.
Examples

 Staphylococcus aureus
 Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
 Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus,

Antibiotic-modifying microbes are

 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 Aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Test
 In Pharmacognosy
See weeds
Plants
Home remedies etc

• Standardization
• Biochemical testing
• Analytical testing
• Antioxidants
• Antimicrobial testing
Pongamia pinnata

 Synonym: Pongamia glabra Vent.

Derris indica Bennet
Indian beech
 Common name: Pongam,
 Family: Fabaceae
 Local name: Sukh chain key beej
Uses
■ Carminative ■ Whooping cough
■ Relieve inflammation ■ Seeds are mainly valued for their oil,
■ Cure ear ache ■ Anti-hyperglycemic
■ Chest complaints ■ Anti-ulcer
■ Chronic fever ■ Analgesic
■ Leprosy ■ Anti-mycobacterial
■ Piles
■ Ulcers
■ Bronchitis

But…….
Locally used Anti-diabetic by some Hakims in Pakistan
But no any researches, no any evidence
Covid-19 Vaccines
 Why
Oth
ers?
Why
Not
We?