THE CONDITIONAL

SENTENCES
By: Selamat H. Napitupulu

Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni
UNIVERSITAS INDRAPRASTA PGRI JAKARTA
 Types of conditional sentences:

1. Conditional Sentence Type -1 ( Present result of future

condition )
2. Conditional Sentence Type – 2 (Present Unreal Conditional)
3. Conditional Sentence Type – 3 (Past Unreal Conditional)
4. Zero Conditional
5. Mixed- Conditional
The Conditional Sentence Type -1
( Present Result of Future Condition )
 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
( Present Result of Future Condition)

 The First Conditional Sentences are used to express situations in which If the
condition is fulfilled, the action in the main clause is likely to happen.
 The sentences are based on facts, and they are used to make statements about the real
world, and about particular situations. We often use such sentences to give warnings.
 Unlike zero conditionals, first conditionals only use ‘ if ‘ clauses, not ‘ when ‘
clauses.
 Conditional Sentence Type- 1 is formed by putting the simple present tense as the
sub-clause/if clause, and the simple future tense as the main clause.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
( Present Result of Future Condition)
If + S1 + Simple Present Tense + Comma + S2 + Simple Future Tense!
Conditional Clause Main Clause
(Simple Present Tense) (Simple Future Tense)
‘ condition ‘ ‘ result ‘
50% possibility 100% possibility

1 If you help me with the dishes , I will help you with your homework.

2 If I drop this glass, it will break.

3 If it rains, she will not attend the class.

4 If it gets any colder, it will snow.

5 If it is cold , I will wear a jacket.

 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
( Present Result of Future Condition)

The main clause (result) can be placed in front and conditional clause ( condition) is placed
behind.
Examples:

1. You will feel better if you rest.

2. You will eventually achieve it if you set your mind to a goal.

3. I will ace this test if I study really hard.

4. They will have a stomachache if the kids eat too much candy.

5. You will succeed in college if you're diligent in your studies.

 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
with ‘ Modal/Semi Modal ‘

The type -1 can use ‘modals / semi modal‘ in the main clause instead of the
future tense to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation
about the outcome.
The modals : can, could, should, may, might, be going to, must, had to, has
to, have to, ought to, etc.
Pattern : S + Modal + Bare Infinitive + Object + Adverb !
Examples:
1. I speak English. ( native speaker)
2. I can speak English. ( non native speaker)
 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
with ‘ Modal/Semi Modal ‘
Examples of Phrasal Modal in Conditional Type-1 !
Sentences Meaning

1 possibility
If it rains, we should stay home.
2 possibility
If it rains, I might decide to stay home.
3 possibility
If you drop that glass, it might break.
4 If I win the lottery, I might go to Paris possibility

5 If I win the lottery, I can go to Paris. prediction

6 If I win the lottery, I will go to Paris intention

7 If you keep acting in such a selfish way, you are going to lose all prediction
your friends.
8 If you are going to hurt me, I will leave you. intention
Note: ‘Should & Might’ in the sentence 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 do not belong to the past tense, but they refer to mention general truth.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
‘ If Clause in Question & Answer ‘
To comprehend easily for this type, you may look at the following ‘ if clause’ in question and
answer’.

No If - Clause ( statements)
Answers
in Questions.
If it rains, what always happens? • If it rains, the streets get wet.
1
Note: ‘If clause’ and main clause are used the same tense :The Simple Present Tense.

2 If it rains tomorrow, what will • If it rains tomorrow, the streets will have the traffic jam.
happen?
Note: ‘If clause’ uses ‘ the simple present tense ‘& main clause uses : the future tense.
3 If it should rain tomorrow, what will • If it should rain tomorrow, please bring the umbrella.
you do or not do?
Note: ‘ If clause’ uses modal ‘should with bare infinitive‘& main clause uses: imperative
Sentence.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
‘ If Clause in Question & Answer ‘
To comprehend easily for this type, you may look at the following ‘ if clause’ in question and
answer’.
No If - Clause ( statements)
Answers
in Questions
4 If it is cold tomorrow, what are you going • If it is cold tomorrow, I will wear a coat.
to wear to class?
Note: ‘If clause’ uses ‘ the simple present tense & main clause uses : the future tense ‘.

5 Fish can’t live out of water. If you take a • If you take a fish out of water, the fish dies or will die
fish out of water, what will happen? die slowly.
If you take a fish out of water, what
happen?
Note: ‘ If clause’ uses ‘ the simple present tense ‘& main clause uses : the Future tense & the simple
present tense ‘.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -1
‘ If Clause in Question & Answer ‘
To comprehend easily for this type, you may look at the following ‘ if clause’ in question and
answer’.
No If - Clause ( statements) Answers
in Questions
6
If I want to learn English faster, what • If I want to learn English faster, I should do more
should I do? practice and exercise in English.

Note: ‘If Clause’ uses ‘ the simple present tense ‘& main clause uses ‘modal ‘ should with
‘ bare infinitive’.
7
Tell me what to do, where to go, and • If you visit my hometown as tourist, you will go
what to expect if I visit your hometown to Merapi mountain, do hiking, and will get some
as a tourist. have fun in there.

Note: ‘If Clause’ uses ‘the simple present tense ‘& main clause uses ‘ the future tense’.
The Conditional Sentence Type -2
( Present Unreal Condition )
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2

• The Conditional Sentence Type- 2 (the present unreal conditional) is used to talk
about what you would generally do in imaginary situations. We imagine a
hypothetical situation, which is in contrast with the real situation in the present. It is
meant that the situation is unreal.

• Conditional Sentence Type- 2 is formed by putting the simple past as the sub-
clause/if clause, and the past future as the main clause.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
( Present Result of Future Condition)
If + S1 + Simple Past Tense + Comma
14 + S2 + Past Future Tense!

Conditional Clause Main Clause

(Simple Past Tense)Review for Type-1 ! ‘Future
(Past Tense)
‘ condition ‘ result ‘
1
If I owned a car, I would drive to campus/work.
Analysis/ Real situation: I do not have a car so I …….
2 If she had more money, she would travel around the world.
Analysis/ Real situation: She does not have much money so ……
3
If I didn't watch so much TV, I would read more.
Analysis/ Real situation:
4 If they worked harder, they would earn more money.
Analysis/ Real situation:
5 If I were Jokowi Dodo, I would manage this country the best.
Analysis/ Real situation:
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
( Present Unreal Condition )

The main clause (result) can be placed in front and conditional clause ( condition) is placed
behind.
Examples:
1. Our crops would flourish if the weather improved.
2. The children would eat their vegetables if they tasted better.
3. I would never work again if I were rich.
4. We would feel nervous if we met the President.
5. I would travel if the world I were rich.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
with ‘ Modal/Semi Modal ‘

The type -2 can be used ‘ modals / semi modal ‘ in the main clause instead of
In type 2 conditional sentences, we can also use modals in the main clause
instead of ‘ would ‘ to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a
recommendation about the outcome.
Examples:
1. We might buy a larger house if we had more money.
2. He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
3. If I understood what the teacher said, I could tell you.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
with ‘ Be ‘
In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form ‘ was ‘ is not considered grammatically
correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use ‘ were ‘ which
is past form of ‘ to be ’ instead of ‘was’ although the pronoun is ‘I, he, she or it’.
However, in everyday conversation, ‘ was ‘ is often used.
Examples:
1. If he were­French, he would live in Paris.
2. If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.
3. I would play basketball if I were taller.
4. I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
with ‘ Be ‘

1. If I were Jokowidodo, I would manage this country very well.

2. They would win the competitions if the local government

supported the competitions.

 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
with ‘ Questions ‘

In the Present Unreal Conditional, we can form questions such the following
examples:
1. What would happen if humans disappeared?
2. What would we do firstly if a fire broke out?
3. Would you cry if he left you?
4. What would happen if you didn’t drink water?
5. What would you do if you learned that you had a bad illness?
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
‘ WERE with to-infinitive ‘

‘ If ….. were + to-infinitive ‘ can be used to talk about imaginary future situation
( present unreal condition/situation)
Examples:
1. If the technology were to come available, we would be able to expand the business.
2. If he were to have a chance of success, he would need to move to China. .
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
‘ WERE with to-infinitive ‘

However, notice that we can’t use this pattern with many verbs that describe a state,
including: know, like, remember, and understand, etc.
Examples:
 If I knew they were honest, I’d gladly lend them the money. ( correct)
NOT : If I were know they were honest, I’d gladly lend them the money. ( incorrect)

We sometimes use this pattern to make a suggestion should more polite.

Examples:
 If you were to move over, we could all sit on the sofa.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
‘ WERE with to-infinitive ‘

‘ If it was/were not for + noun ’ can be also used to express one situation is dependent
on another situation or on a person.
Example:
 If it wasn’t/weren’t for Vivian, the conference wouldn’t be going ahead.

When we talk about the past, we use ‘If it had not been for + noun ’.
Example:
 If it hadn’t been for my parents, I would never have gone to university.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
‘ WERE with to-infinitive ‘

In formal and literary language we also use:

‘ were it not for ….. ’
‘ had it not been for ……’
Examples:
1. Were it not for Vivian …….
2. Had it not been for my parents……..
3. But for Jim’s support, I would have got the job.
(= If it hadn’t been for Jim….)
The Conditional Sentence Type -3
( Past Unreal Condition )
 The Conditional Sentence Type -3
( Past Unreal Condition)

 The Past Unreal Conditional ( type-3 ) is used to talk about imaginary situations in
the past. You can describe what you would have done differently or how something
could have happened differently if circumstances had been different. We hypothesize
a past situation which did not happen and cannot happen anymore. It is also
called the impossible condition.
 The Type-3 is formed by putting the past perfect as the sub-clause/ if clause, and the
past future as the main clause.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -3
( Present Result of Future Condition)
If + S1 + Past Perfect Tense + Comma + S2 + Past Future Perfect Tense!
Conditional Clause Main Clause
Review
(Past Perfect Tense) for Type-1(Past
! Future Perfect Tense)
‘ condition ‘ ‘ result ‘

Situation in Past Unreal Condition:

• Last month Ann was ill, Tom didn’t know this, so he didn’t go to see her. They met
again after Ann got better, Tom said:

‘ If I had known that you were ill, I would have gone to see you ‘.
(Seandainya saya tahu bahwa kamu sakit, saya pasti pergi menjengukmu)

Analysis/ real situation : Tom didn’t know that Ann was ill.
( The Past Tense)
So he says ‘ If I had known.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -3
( Past Unreal Condition)
‘ Regret & Criticism Meaning ‘ in Past Unreal Condition

The Conditional Sentences Type 3 ( The Past Unreal Condition ) is used to talk about things
which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you
may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
No Meaning
The Conditional Sentence Type -3
( Past Unreal Condition)
1 Mark had come on time, he would have met them. Regret
2 If Charlene hadn’t been so careless, she wouldn’t have lost all money. Criticism

3 If you hadn’t lied, you wouldn’t have ended up in prison. Criticism

4 Regret
If you had asked her, she would have helped you.
 The Conditional Sentence Type -3
( Past Unreal Condition with ‘ Modal ’

There are some special conditional forms for modal verbs in English, such as : could, should,
might, ought to, have to, has to, had to, must, etc.
Pattern: S + could/should/might + Have + Past Participle + Obj + Adv !
Predicate
Examples:
1. If I had gone to Egypt, I should have learned Arabic.
2. If she had had time, she might have gone to the party.
3. If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
4. If I had had more time, I could have exercised after work.
5. If he had invited you, you might have gone.
6. You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
The Zero Conditional
 The Zero Conditional !

 The Zero conditional sentences express general truths, situations in which one

thing always causes another. When you use a zero conditional, you’re talking about a

general truth rather than a specific instance of something.

 The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional

sentences, the word ‘ if ‘ can usually be replaced by the word ‘ when ‘ without

changing the meaning.

 The Zero Conditional !
If + S1 + Simple Present Tense + Comma + S2 + Simple Present Tense !
Conditional Clause Main Clause
(Simple Present Tense) (Simple Present Tense )
‘ condition ‘ ‘ result ‘
50% possibility 100 % possibility
1
If you heat water to 100°, it boils.
2
If you eat a lot, you put on weight.
3
If it doesn’t rain for a long time, the earth gets very dry.
4
If we go out with friends, we normally go to a restaurant.
5
If I’m tired, I go to bed early.
 The Zero Conditional !
‘ with Imperative Sentences ‘
The zero conditional is also often used to give instructions by using the imperative sentence in the
main clause.
If + S2 + Simple Present Tense + Comma + Bare Infinitive + Obj + Adv !
MAIN CLAUSE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
(Simple Present Tense) (Bare Inf + Obj + Adv) Combinations
‘ Result ‘ ‘ Condition ‘
“ Imperative Sentence “

1 If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at
cinema. the cinema.
2 If you are not sure ask Pete If you are not sure what to do, ask
what to do, Peter.
3 If you want to call me before 5:00. If you want to come, call me before
come, 5:00.
4 If we get separated, meet me here. If we get separated, meet me here.
 The Zero Conditional vs. The First Conditional !

The difference between the zero and the first conditional is that while the zero conditional
expresses a general present or past situation, the first conditional refers to a specific future event.
 If you drink too much, you have a hangover the next day.

Note: You is a general subject here expressing one, anybody or people and the sentence expresses a

general truth.
 If you drink too much, you will have a hangover tomorrow.
Note : You in this second sentence is the second person singular pronoun and the sentence

expresses a warning.
 The Zero Conditional
‘ If & When ‘

Both ‘ if ‘ and ‘ when ‘ are used in the Present Real Conditional. Using ‘ if ‘ suggests
that something happens less frequently. Using ‘ when’ suggests that something
happens regularly.
Examples:
 When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
Note : (I regularly have days off from work)

 If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.

Note : (I rarely have days off from work)
Mixed Conditional
 The Mixed Conditional !
 The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is
ongoing into the present. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed.

 The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in
the present.

 In mixed type conditional sentences, the ‘ if clause ‘ uses the past perfect, and the main clause
uses the present conditional.

 Jadi, mixed type ini merupakan kalimat yang merujuk ke masa lalu, yang menunjukan pada
kondisi kamu saat ini. Juga sebaliknya, mixed conditional menunjukan kondisi di masa lalu
dengan tindakan subjek/pelaku sekarang. Sehingga, penggunaan tipe second
conditional dan third conditional sangat terlihat pada tipe ini.
 Akan tetapi, mixed conditional adalah tipe kalimat kondisional yang menyatakan situasi masa
lalu atau masa kini yang tidak terjadi.
 The Mixed Conditional !

Example-1:
If you had taught me how to make brownies, I wouldn’t buy it in the store.

Conditional Clause Main Clause

(The Past Perfect Tense) (The Past Tense)
‘ third condition ‘ ‘ second condition for result ‘

If you had taught me how to make brownies. I wouldn’t buy it in the store.

Fakta:
Seandainya waktu itu kamu ngajarin aku gimana caranya bikin brownies, aku nggak bakalan beli di
toko.
Nyatanya, kamu nggak ngajarin aku. Jadinya, aku masih terus beli brownies di toko sampai sekarang.
 The Mixed Conditional !
38
Example-2:
If they Mixed !
were good players, their team would have scored more in the match yesterday

Conditional Clause Main Clause

(The Past Tense) (The Past Future Perfect Tense)
‘ second condition ‘ ‘ third condition for result ‘
If they were good players, their team would have scored more in the
match yesterday.

Fakta:
Kalau dalam tim para pemain punya skill yang bagus, seharusnya mereka bakalan banyak mencetak
skor di pertandingan.
Nyatanya, di pertandingan kemarin para pemain nggak banyak mencetak skor.
 The Mixed Conditional !
39
Example3:
Mixed
If you weren't ! spiders, you would have picked it up and put it outside.
afraid of

Conditional Clause Main Clause

(The Past Tense) (The Past Future Perfect Tense)
‘ second condition ‘ ‘ third condition for result ‘
If you weren't afraid of spiders, you would have picked it up and put it outside.

Fakta:
Seandainya kamu takut pada lab-laba , kamu menempatkannya di luar
Nyatanya, kamu takut pad laba-laba. Namun kamu tempatkan di dalam.
 The Mixed Conditional !
40
Example-4:
Mixed
Their family would buy! a house in Bandung if one of their children had been accepted to Bandung
Institute of Technology.

Conditional Clause Main Clause

(The Past Perfect Tense) (The Past Tense)
‘ second condition for result ‘ ‘ third condition ‘

Their family would buy a house in Bandung if one of their children had been accepted to
Bandung Institute of Technology

Fakta:
 Jika salah satu anak mereka lolos ke ITB, keluarga mereka bakal beli Bandung. Nyatanya, anak
mereka tidak lolos ke ITB sehingga nggak jadi beli rumah.
 The Mixed Conditional !

Other Examples
MAIN CLAUSE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
(Past Perfect) (Past Future) Combinations
‘ condition ‘ ‘ result ‘
1 If this thing had that thing would happen. If this thing had happened, that thing
happened, would happen.
2 If I had worked harder at I would have a better job now. If I had worked harder at school, I
school, would have a better job now.
3 If we had looked at the we wouldn't be lost. If we had looked at the map, we
map, wouldn't be lost.
 The Mixed Conditional !
42
Modal can be used to construct Mixed Conditional such as: might, could,
Mixed with ‘ Modal ‘ !
should.
Examples:
1. If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.
2. I could be a millionaire now if I had invested in ABC Plumbing
3. If I had learned to ski, I might be on the slopes right now.
 The Mixed Conditional !

The uses of ‘ if & wish’

1. ‘ If ‘ is used with the Present Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. ‘
When ‘ cannot be used.
Examples:
a. I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. Not Correct
b. I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. Correct

2. Wish : We use ‘ I wish + past ‘ for a wish about a present situation.

Examples:
a. I wish I had more free time. ( but I don’t)
b. I wish I wasn’t so busy. ( but I am)
c. I wish I could speak Spanish. (but I can’t)

3. We use often a past tense, although we are talking about now. We often use ‘ were ‘ instead of was after
‘ I / she / he / it ‘.
Example:
 I wish I were clever. (but I’m not)
 The Mixed Conditional !
44

If only is to say that we would like things to be different. It is more emphatic than ‘
The uses of ‘ If only ‘ !
wish form ‘ .

Examples:

1. If only I was better looking. ( informal)

2. If only I were better looking. (formal)

 The Mixed Conditional !

The uses of ‘ As if & As though !

 Clauses that start with “ as if / as though ” describe an unreal or improbable situation if they
are followed by an unreal tense (the past subjunctive or the past perfect subjunctive).
Otherwise, they express that the statement is true.
 The past subjunctive after as if / as though indicates an unreal situation in the present.
However, if the situation is true, we use a real tense to express present time.

Examples:
1. He looks as if / as thought he knew the answer.
( He gives the impression that he knows the answer, but he (probably) doesn't
know or we don't know whether he knows or not)

2. He looks as if / as thought he knows the answer.

(He knows the answer)
 The Mixed Conditional !

1. If we put the verb preceding as if / as though into the past tense, the present
simpleThe
knows of ‘ As
changes
uses intoifpast
…..simple,
Past whereas
/ Past the
Perfect !
past subjunctive knew
stays the same. Therefore, both sentences will read as follows:

 He looked as if he knew the answer.

Note: Consequently, the meaning of this sentence (whether he
knew the answer or not) can only be deduced from the context.
 The Mixed Conditional !
2. The past perfect subjunctive after ’as if / as 47 though ‘ is used to refer to an unreal past

situation.
TheIf the of ‘ As
situation
uses if we
is true, …..usePast / Past
a real tense Perfect
to express !
past time:

 He seems as if he hadn't slept for days.

(It seems that he hasn't slept for days, but he (probably) has or we don't know
whether he has or not)

 He seems as if he hasn't slept for days.

(He hasn't slept for days)
 The Mixed Conditional !

If the preceding
The uses of ‘isas
verb putifinto
….the
Past
past/ tense,
Pastthe
Perfect’ !
present perfect hasn't

slept changes into past perfect, while the past perfect subjunctive hadn't

slept stays the same:

 He seemed as if he hadn't slept for days.

 The Mixed Conditional !
49

Unless: means ‘ if not

The uses of ‘‘ Unless
. We use it…..
withFirst
zero and first conditionals.
/ Zero Conditional !

1. First Conditional :

 Unless I phone you tomorrow, you will start at nine o’clock.

( If I don’t phone you tomorrow, you will start at nine o’clock.)

2. Zero Conditional :

 The shop loses customers if the assistants are not friendly.

( The shop loses customers unless the assistants are not friendly.)
NOTES
 NOTES For Conditional !

1. We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, only in the main clause.
2. The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if-clauses.
Exception: If will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-clauses.
Examples:
 If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.
 I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.
(= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)
3. For the second conditional, was replaces were.
Examples:
 If Jack were a rich man, he would help the poor.
 If I were Jokowi, I would manage Indonesia the best.
 NOTES For Conditional !

4. After if, we can either use "some (-one, -where...)" or "any (-one, -where...).
Examples:
 If I have some spare time next weekend. or: If I have any spare time...
5. Instead of if not, we can use unless.
Examples:
 I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
 He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.

6. After if, we can either use ‘ some (-one, -where...) ‘ or ‘ any (-one, -where...)’.
Examples:
If I have some spare time next weekend I will visit you.
OR: If I have any spare time next weekend I will visit you.
 NOTES For Conditional !
7. Instead of if not, we can use unless.
Examples:
 I'll be back tomorrow if not there is a plane strike.
OR: I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
 He'll accept the job if not the salary is too low.
OR: He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.

8. There is a ‘ mixed type ‘ as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past:
Pattern : If + Past Perfect + S + would + Bare Inf
Examples:
 If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].
 I would give a reward if had said before.
 54

FINISH & Complete !!!

‘ THANKS ‘
= SHN =
DIALOGUES
 56

DIALOGS FOR CONDITIONAL

Type-1 !!!
 Dialogs for Type-1
English 57
Translations
John I can’t wait to see James at the final Aku tidak sabar melihat James di pertandingan final
Dialog
competition Example-1 for Type1
tonight. malam ini. !
Mark Why? Kenapa?
John If he wins, he will treat us next week. Jika dia menang, dia akan mentraktir kita minggu
depan.
Mark Really? Benarkah?
John Yes. Will you come tonight? Ya. Apa kamu akan datang malam ini?
Mark I will come if I get my father’s permission. Aku akan datang kalau aku mendapatkan izin dari
ayahku.
John I will pick you up if you get your father’s Aku akan menjemputmu kalau kamu mendapat izin
permission, Mark. dari ayahmu,
Mark.
Mark Ok. Thanks, John. Oke. Terima kasih, John.
 Dialogs for Type-1
English Translations
58
Sonya Oh, no. I forgot to bring my English textbook. Oh, tidak. Aku lupa membawa buku teks bahasa
Dialog Example-2 for Type1
Inggrisku. !
Dara Don’t worry, Sonya. If you don’t bring your Jangan khawatir, Sonya. Jika kamu tidak membawa buku
textbook, Mr. Thomas will lend you one. Last teksmu, Pak Thomas akan meminjamkanmu satu. Minggu
week Nico didn’t bring his textbook and Mr. lalu Nico tidak membawa buku teksnya dan Pak Thomas
Thomas said that it was okay, so he lent him one. berkata bahwa itu tidak apa-apa, jadi dia
meminjamkannya satu.
Sonya Really? That’s a relief! Benarkah? Itu melegakan.
Dara Yeah. Look! It’s cloudy now. Do you think there Ya. Lihat! Sekarang mendung. Apa kamu pikir akan ada
will be a flag ceremony today? upacara bendera hari ini?

Sonya The teachers will cancel the flag ceremony if it Para guru akan membatalkan upacara bendera jika hujan.
rains. Maybe we’ll have another activity in Mungkin kita akan melakukan aktivitas lain di kelas.
class.
Dara Dara: Yes, I think so. Ya, aku pikir begitu.
 59

DIALOGS FOR CONDITIONAL

Type-2 !!!
 Dialogs for Type-2
English Translations
Josh My phone dropped when I got out of the car. Ponselku jatuh ketika aku turun dari mobil. Aku
I’mDialog Example-1
so relieved it’s not broken. for Type 2 !ponselnya tidak rusak.
sangat lega

Ron But the scratches are everywhere. If I were Tapi goresannya ada dimana-mana. Kalau aku jadi
you, I would buy a new phone. kamu, aku akan membeli ponsel baru.

Josh I would buy the new one if had more money. Aku akan membeli ponsel baru jika aku punya uang
lebih.
Ron What if you start saving? Bagaimana kalau kamu mulai menabung?
Josh I can’t since I just lost my job. Aku tidak bisa karena aku baru saja kehilangan
pekerjaan
Ron Don’t worry, Josh. Jangan khawatir, Josh.
Josh If I had a job, I would start saving. Kalau aku punya pekerjaan, aku akan mulai
menabung.
 Dialogs for Type-2
English 61 Translations
Ani Look! Mia spends her holiday in New Lihat! Mia menghabiskan liburannya di Selandia
Dialog Example-2 for Type
Zealand! Baru! 2 !
Sarah Wow, she’s so lucky. She has a lot of Wow, dia sangat beruntung. Dia punya banyak
money. uang.
Ani If I were her, I would buy a car and build Jika aku jadi dia, aku akan membeli mobil dan
a big house for my parents. membangun rumah besar untuk orangtuaku.

Sarah Nice. I would do the same. I wish I had a Bagus. Aku akan melakukan hal yang sama. Aku
lot of money. harap aku punya banyak uang.
Ani Now let’s study hard so that we can have Sekarang ayo belajar giat agar kita dapat
a good job and earn a lot of money. pekerjaan bagus dan menghasilkan banyak uang.

Sarah Yes, it’s a good idea. Ya, itu ide bagus.

 62

DIALOGS FOR CONDITIONAL

Type-3 !!!
 Dialogs for Type-3
English Translations
Nathan
63
Hey, you come alone. Where’s Aldo? Hei, kamu datang sendiri. Dimana Aldo?
Ryan He3. Dialog
is still Example-1
in his room. I think his parents forDia
Type-3
masih di !kamarnya. Aku pikir orangtuanya
ask him to study harder. menyuruhnya untuk belajar lebih giat.
Nathan They didn’t let him go for a while? Mereka tidak membiarkannya pergi sebentar?
Ryan I don’t know. Maybe because Ryan got C last Aku tidak tahu. Mungkin karena Ryan dapat C
week. If he had studied, he would have got a minggu lalu. Jika dia belajar, dia akan dapat nilai
better grade. yang lebih baik.
Nathan I see. Oh begitu.
Ryan He said that he didn’t understand the exam Dia bilang dia tidak mengerti tentang materi
material, so he chose to sleep the night ujiannya, jadi dia memilih tidur malam sebelumnya.
before.
Nathan If he had told me, I would have taught him Jika dia memberitahuku, aku akan mengajarinya
about the exam material. tentang materi ujiannya
Ryan Maybe he didn’t want to trouble us. Mungkin dia tidak ingin menyusahkan
 Dialogs for Type-3
English Translations
64
Jenny Hi, Rose. How was the party? Hai, Rose. Bagaimana pestanya?
Rose
3. Dialog Example-2 for Type-3 !
I would have gone to the party if it hadn’t Aku akan pergi ke pesta kalau tidak hujan.
rained.
Jenny Oh, sorry. I think you went to the party. Oh, maaf. Aku kira kamu pergi ke pestanya.
Rose It’s okay. Anyway, you said that you bought Tidak apa-apa. Ngomong-ngomong, kamu bilang
a new earphone. How is it? kamu membeli earphone baru. Bagaimana?
Jenny It’s good. But right after I bought the new Bagus. Tapi tepat setelah aku membeli yang baru, aku
one, I found my old earphone in my pencil menemukan earphone-ku yang lama di dalam kotak
case! pensil!
Rose Really? So, you have two earphones right Benarkah? Jadi sekarang kamu punya dua earphone.
now.
Jenny Yes. I wouldn’t have bought a new earphone Ya. Aku tidak akan membeli earphone baru kalau aku
if I had found the old one earlier. menemukan yang lama.
Rose It’s good. But right after I bought the new Bagus. Tapi tepat setelah aku membeli yang baru, aku
one, I found my old earphone in my pencil menemukan earphone-ku yang lama di dalam kotak
case! pensil!
 65

DIALOGS FOR ZERO

Conditional !!!
 Dialogs for Zero !
English Translations
66
Anne What do you usually do on your Apa yang biasanya kamu lakukan ketika
3. Dialog Example-1 for liburan?
holiday? Zero !
Jack If I stay at home, I spend time with my Jika aku tinggal di rumah, aku menghabiskan
sister. waktu bersama adikku.
Anne You don’t go anywhere? Kamu tidak pergi kemana pun?
Jack I go to the cinema if I my sister asks me. Aku pergi ke bioskop jika adikku mengajakku.

Anne What kind of movie do you watch at Film jenis apa yang kamu tonton di bioskop?
cinema?
Jack I always watch thriller whenever I go to Aku selalu menonton thriller setiap pergi ke
cinema. bioskop.
Anne It sounds exciting. Kedengarannya seru.
Jack It is not exciting if my sister suddenly Tidak seru kalau tiba-tiba adikku ingin
wants to watch another genre. menonton genre yang lain.
 Dialogs for Zero !
English Translations
Arini Hi, Putri. What are you doing? Hai, Putri. Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan?
Putri Hi, Arini. I’m making some sealing wax. Hai, Arini. Aku sedang membuat lilin segel.
Arini You make it by yourself? Arini: Kamu membuatnya sendiri? Wow! Ini apa?
Wow! What is this?
Putri It’s a wax. If you heat the wax, it melts. Itu lilin. Kalau kamu memanaskan lilin, itu akan
meleleh.
Arini It’s interesting. Let me try it. Menarik. Biar aku coba.
Putri Sure. By the way, it’s Sunday. Don’t you Putri: Tentu. Ngomong-ngomong, ini hari Minggu.
usually call your brother in New York? Bukankah kamu biasanya menelepon kakakmu di New
York?
Arini Yeah, but it’s only 2 p.m. If it is 2 p.m. in Ya, tapi ini baru jam 2 siang. Jika ini jam 2 siang di
Jakarta, it is 3 a.m. in New York. Jakarta, ini jam 3 pagi di New York.

Putri Oh, I see. Are you going to call him tonight? Oh, begitu. Apa kamu akan meneleponnya nanti
malam?
Arini Yes. I’m planning to do a video call. Ya. Aku berencana melakukan panggilan video.
 68

ADDITIONAL EXPLANTIONS
 69
Bare inf = infinitive
(V-1 )
to-bare inf
to- inf
Pungsi: S, P, O, Adv, HV
 Question:
70

1. In the future activities, what tenses do you use ?

2. How many tenses are there?

3. Why do tenses exist?

 Tenses71

Seasons (4) : snow, winter, fall, summer

Time (3) : past, present, future

(12 tenses )
4 Conditional Sentences
12 Tenses + 4 Conditional Sentences

16
1. Topic: Puji Astuti
2. Main Idea : Beautiful
3. Topic Sentence : Topic + MI
4. TS : Puji Astuti is a Beautiful girl. ( sentence)
5. Beautiful:
High
Skin
Hair
( TS ) Puji Astuti is a Beautiful girl. (SS1) She is very tall. (SS2) Her skin
is very white. (SS3). She has a long and curly hair. (CS) Many boys like
to see Puji Astuti because of her beauty.
( TS ) Puji Astuti is a Beautiful girl.
S LV SC
(SS1) She is very tall.
S LV SC

(SS2) Her skin is very white.

(SS3). She has a long and curly hair.
P Obj
(CS) Many boys like to see Puji Astuti because of S P
Obj OC
her beauty.
 74

Question:
Future Activities, what tenses
do you use ?
 Future Activities:
1. Simple Present tense can be used
75 to express the future actions but it

must be used complete adverb of time and the action has already
planned.
Examples:
 I get married with Mr. White from USA. ( Salah/ present)
 I get married with Mr. White from USA next month. ( Correct/
future)
 Miss Ratna opens a big business. ( Salah/ present)
 Miss Ratna opens a big business next year in Jakarta . ( Correct/
future)
 Future Activities:
2. The Present Continuous tense can be also used to express the
future actions but it must be used complete adverb of time and
the action has already planned.
Examples:
 I am getting married with Mr. White from USA.
( Salah/ present continuous)
 I am getting married with Mr. White from USA next month.
( Correct/ future)
 Miss Ratna is opening a big business.
( Salah/ present continuous)
 Miss Ratna is opening a big business next year in Jakarta .
( Correct/ future)
 Future Activities:
3. The Future tense

Will/ Shall ( sudden decision when speaking)

Examples:
 I will get married with Mr. White from USA.
 Miss Ratna will open a big business.
 We will buy a newest Mercy. ( incorrect)

Be going to ( Fixed plan)

Examples:
 They are going to explain the big cases soon.
 Miss Ratna is going to open a big business.
 We are going to buy a newest Mercy. ( incorrect)
 Future Continuous

1. I will be conducting a new program soon.

2. I will be coming soon. A moment please to the

affice.
 ADDITION
Be + to infinitive
79
= harus
Be : is, am, are, were, was

1. You are to follow the test. ( advice)

2. You must follow the test. ( advice)
3. You have to follow the test. ( regulation)
4. You must take your medicine. ( advice)
5. You have to pay your electric bill every month . ( regulation)
6. He has to pay his school feee every month . ( regulation)
 The Conditional Sentence Type -2
‘ WERE with to-infinitive ‘

1. We have completed 4 semester at Unindra ( hasil)

2. We have been learning at Unindra for years.
3. We will have finished from Unindra by the end of 2025 ( hasil tertentu)
4. They had flied for Silagit air port when we got at SHA
5. When I was playing a guitar, Kris knocked the door
 81

FINISH & Complete !!!

‘ THANKS ‘