Web Technologies

Overview of Web Platforms

 Today’s Lecture
• Web Terminologies and Web Communication Protocol (HTTP)
– Internet, WWW, Web Browser, Web Page, Website, Home Page,
Hyperlink, HTML, HTTP, URI, URL, and URN
• Web Generations
– Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web 4.0
• Web Standards and Constraints
– W3C Standards, and W3C Design Principles
 Web Terminologies and Web
Communication Protocol (HTTP)
• Internet
– In computing, it is a network of networks or worldwide system
of computer networks.
• WWW (World Wide Web or W3)
– Commonly known as the Web.
– Tim Berners-Lee (British Engineer and Computer Scientist) has
invented WWW in 1989.
– WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet.
– With a web browser, we can view web pages that may contain
text, images, videos, and other multimedia.
• Web Browser
– Also known as Browser.
– A software application used to locate and display the Websites.
 Web Terminologies and Web Communication
Protocol (HTTP)
• Web Page
– A document on the Web.
• Website
– A website is a collection of related web pages.
– Each site is owned and managed by an individual, company or
organization.
• Home Page
– Main page of a Website.
– Typically, home page serves as an index or table of contents to
other documents stored at the site.
• Hyperlink
– In computing, a link from a hypertext document to another
location, activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image.
 Web Terminologies and Web Communication
Protocol (HTTP)
• HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
– HTML is a markup language.
– A markup language is a set of markup tags.
– Tags describe document content or layout.
– HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text.
 Web Terminologies and Web Communication
Protocol (HTTP)
• HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
– It was designed for communication between web browsers and
web servers.
HTTP Transaction
 Web Terminologies and Web Communication
Protocol (HTTP)
• URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
– Identifies a resource (text document, text file, etc.) over Web.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
– Subset of URI that includes a network location.
• URN (Uniform Resource Name)
– Subset of URI that includes a name with a given namespace.
URI: http://www.hasnainiqbal.com/web_technologies/what-is-a-web
URL: http://www.hasnainiqbal.com/web_technologies
URN: www.hasnainiqbal.com/web_technologies/what-is-a-web
http://www.hasnainiqbal.com/web_technologies/what-is-a-web

Location where Path of file, directory Resource

HTTP Protocol resource resides or resource
define how to
access resources
 Web Generations
• Web 1.0 (The Web)
– It’s about read-only content and static HTML websites like any static
company website.
• Web 2.0 (Social Web)
– It’s about user-generated content and the read-write web.
– People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs
or sites like Flickr, and YouTube.
• Web 3.0 (Semantic Web)
– It’s about semantic web (i.e., easily processed by machines, instead of
human operations), intelligent search and behavioral advertising among
other things and most of all collective intelligence like Siri (digital
assistant).
• Web 4.0 (Intelligent Web)
– It’s about interaction between human and machine.
– It’s characterized by a shift from traditional static web pages to more
intelligent, dynamic, and interactive web applications like social
networking sites.
Web Generations
 Web Standards and Constraints
• W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
– Founded in 1994 and led by Tim Berners-Lee.
– It’s an international standards organization for the World Wide
Web.
– It’s made up of member organizations that maintain full-time
staff working together in the development of standards for the
World Wide Web.
• W3C Standards
– W3C standards define an open web platform for application
development to ensure the long-term growth of the Web.
 Web Standards and Constraints
• W3C Design Principles
– Web for Everyone
• One of W3C's primary goals is to make benefits available to
all people, whatever their native language, culture,
geographical location, or physical or mental ability.
– Web on Everything
• The number of different kinds of devices that can access the
Web has grown immensely.
• Smart phones, Personal Digital Assistants, interactive
television systems, voice response systems, and other
domestic appliances can all access the Web.
 Summary of Today’s Lecture
• Web Terminologies and Web Communication Protocol (HTTP)
– Internet, WWW, Web Browser, Web Page, Website, Home Page,
Hyperlink, HTML, HTTP, URI, URL, and URN
• Web Generations
– Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web 4.0
• Web Standards and Constraints
– W3C Standards, and W3C Design Principles
 References
• https://www.w3.org/
• https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/