Internet

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Introduction to Internet
• Basic concept of Internet
• History of Internet
• Applications of Internet
• Service provided by Internet
• Advantages and Disadvantages of using Internet
• Basic concept of WWW
• Website Address & URL

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Internet
Where does the Internet comes from?

• The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers used to

deliver vast collections of digital pages called the World Wide Web /
Web.
• The Internet is the biggest network in the world.
• It is an enormous system of physical cables travelling all around the
world connecting our devices to the servers that stores the pages.

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Introduction to Internet
• This physical cables, include copper telephone wires, TV cables, and
fiber optic cables.
• Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely on these physical
cables to access the Internet.
• Internet is also called as network of networks.
• Know that Internet and WWW are not the same thing.

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Who owns the internet?

• No one person, company, organization or government runs the

Internet. It is a globally distributed network comprising many
voluntarily interconnected autonomous networks.
• There are, however, lots of individuals, companies and governments that
oversee and standardize what happens on the Internet.
• They also own pieces of the infrastructure, but there is no one body that
owns it all.

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History of Internet
• The Internet began in 1969 as the U.S. Department of Defense's
Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) network / ARPANET to
provide immediate communication within the Department in case of
war.
• As scholars began to go online, this network changed from military use
to scientific use.
• Since then the internet has undergone several technological &
Infrastructural changes.

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Application of Internet
• Email
• Browsing for Information
• Downloading
• Conducting financial transaction
• Playing interactive games
• Video & Music streaming
• Voice and Video Chat
• Ticket reservation
• Shopping etc.

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Service Provided by Internet
• Electronic mail (e-mail): It is a method of exchanging or sending and
receiving digital messages.
• World Wide Web : It is a collection of different websites you can
access through the Internet
• File Transfer Protocol: Network protocol to transfer files from one
device to another device.
• Instant Messaging (IM): Real time text transmission
• News Group / forum: an online discussion group.

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Advantages & Disadvantages of Internet

• Electronic Communication • Cyber Criminal

• Online Shopping • Inaccurate information

• Online banking • Addiction
• Unlimited access to information
• Endless Entertainment

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Basic concept of WWW
• The World Wide Web - usually called the Web for short – is a collection
of different websites or web pages or files stored in a web server.
• These files usually include:
• Image and/ or video files
• Text files that tell the web browser how to layout the page and what text to include.
• Script files (small programs) that add functionality or effects to the webpage

• It was invented by a British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, known as the

father of WWW.

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Terminology:
Website:
• A website is a collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually
connected using hyperlinks.
• All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.

Web Page:
• Web page is a document available on world wide web. Web Pages are stored on
web server and can be viewed using a web browser.
• A web page can contain huge information including text, graphics, audio, video
and hyper links. These hyper links are the link to other web pages.

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Terminology
Web Server:
• A server is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your
computer's hard drive.

Home Page:
• The First page or the main page of a website is called the home
page.

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Hyperlinks
• Hyperlink is a pointer to a resource.

• It can be a word, phrase, or an image that you can click on, to jump to a new
document or a new section within the current document.
• When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the
arrow should change to a small hand pointing at the link.

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Hyperlink
Links can have different states.
Normal link
Visited Link
Hovered link
Active link

Normal Links

Visited Links

Hovered Link
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Types of Links
• Internal links are hyperlinks that direct the reader to a target page on
your website / same website.
• External link is a hyperlink that directs the reader to a reputable page
on a different website.

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Website Address & URL
• A Website address also known as URL short for Uniform Resource
Locator, is the location of a specific website, page, or file on the
Internet.
• Website addresses can represent the home page of a web site, a
script, image, photo, movie or other file made available on a server
for viewing, processing or download.
• They can also be in the form of hyperlinks to direct the user to
other locations on the Internet.
• It is used to find a particular web page.

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Website Address or URL

Address Bar

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 Directories/Path
Domain name

Protocol

http:// nielit.gov.in/content/digital-literacy-courses

URL

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Protocol:
http:// and https://

• Most web browsers use Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)/ Hypertext

Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).
• A protocol is a set of rules.
• It tells your browser how to communicate with a website’s server, in order to
send and retrieve information.
• However, HTTPS is more secure than HTTP because it uses encryption to
protect information as it is being sent between clients and servers. When
an organization enables HTTPS, any information you transmit, like
passwords or credit card numbers, will be difficult for anyone to intercept

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Domain Name
• A domain name is an identifier, the name of a website.
Examples: facebook.com, nielit.gov.in, amazon.in, myntra.com
Path
• A path directs the browser to a specific page on the website.

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Is a URL the same as a domain name?

• No
• A domain name is part of a URL.
• A domain is the name of a website.
• URL is how to find a website,
• And a website is what people see and interact with when they get
there.

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