Chapter 10: Components of the Internet and the World Wide Web

The Internet

• The worldwide connections of networks are called the internet or simply net. Networks
may be a LAN or a WAN.
• The Internet started in the late 1960’s from the U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA). They called this ARPANET.
LAN or Local Area Network

• Is a network that covers only a limited geographical area like in a classroom, computer
laboratory, office or group of buildings.
• LAN consists of a server and several computers.
• The server is the one that manages the resources in a network and provides central
storage for data and programs.
WAN or Wide Area Network

• Is a network that covers a large geographical area like a city. It consists of several LANs.
How Does the Internet Work?

• The computer sends data to the different computers and networks through a packet.
• A packet is a data that has been broken into small piece of data.
• When a packet travels in the network, it finds the fastest path available to arrive at the
destination through a device called a router.
• A router is a hardware device that allows you to connect several computers and other
devices to a single Internet connection. It serves as a traffic cop for network signals.
• Packet switching is the technique for breaking the data into packets, sending it through
the best path using the router and reassembling the data when it arrives at its
destination.
• For this technique to work well, a network should follow a protocol or standard called
the TCP/IP or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
• TCP/IP is the protocol used by the Internet for packet switching.

Internet Service Provider

• An ISP is a private company or government organization that lets you connect into the
vast Internet around the world.
• ISP offers various Internet connection speeds for monthly fee and variety of services
that may be offered by the ISP either for free for a certain amount. The speed is
measured in megabits per second (Mbps).
• Today, all computers and mobile computers and devices can connect to the Internet.
Connection to the Internet have different types:
1. DSL: DSL service uses a broadband connection. DSL connects to the Internet via a
phone line but does not require you to have a landline at home.
2. Cable: Cable service connects to the Internet via cable TV, but does not require you
to have cable TV in order to get it. It uses a broadband connection and can be faster
than DSL service.
3. Satellite: A satellite connection uses broadband that connects to the Internet
through satellites orbiting the Earth. Satellite connections are also usually slower
than DSL or cable.
4. 3G and 4G: 3G and 4G service is commonly used with mobile phones that connects
wirelessly through your ISP’s network.
World Wide Web

• Many would interchangeably use the words Internet and World Wide Web. Though
World Wide Web is one of the services of the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW) or
simply the “web” is a collection of webpages found in this network of computers.
• It is a system of hyperlinked or hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
• WWW came into existence in early 1990.
Webpage, Website, and Homepage

• Hyperlinks or “links” allow users to navigate quickly from one webpage to another.
• A webpage is consisting of text, graphics, sounds, videos and even animations.
• A collection of webpages is called a website. Most websites have a homepage which is
the first page of a website.
• A webmaster or a web developer is the person responsible for developing webpages and
maintaining them.
• To create webpages, the webmaster is using special sets of codes called TAG using the
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
• Hypertext Markup Language is the programmatic language that web pages are based
on. HTML commands your web browser to display text and graphics in an orderly
fashion.
• Webpage can either be a static webpage or dynamic webpage.
• A static webpage is a fixed webpage. Every time you visit a static webpage, you see the
same contents. There will only be changes if a programmer edits the source code of the
webpage.
• A dynamic webpage displays different contents from the same source code whenever
visited. Examples of a dynamic webpage are those of weather, ticket availability for
flights, or stocks.
Uniform Resource Locator

• Each webpage has a designated unique address called the URL or the Uniform Resource
Locator.
Four Components of URL:
1. Protocol
• Most webpage URLs begin with http:// which means Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is
a protocol that is used to transfer pages on the web. Some websites have https which
means hypertext transfer protocol SECURED. This means that the web page has a special
layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords.
2. Domain Name
• It is a unique reference that identifies a website.
• The different top domain names are:

Domain Names Descriptions

.com Commercial organizations, businesses and companies
.gov Government institutions
.edu Educational institutions
.org Non-profit organizations
.net Network providers
.mil Military organizations
 • At times, you will find a subdomain, which is a sub division of the domain name, which is
usually a country code abbreviation. Some examples of subdomain names or the
country code abbreviations are:

Abbreviations Country Abbreviations Country

au Australia it Italy
cn China jp Japan
fr France kr Korea
va Vatican City ph Philippines

3. Folder
• It is the directory name. There will be times that you will see a longer folder which is a
subdirectory of a directory (folder under another folder)
4. Filename
• The name of the document file requested.
Web Browsers and Web Servers

• Web browser or browser is a software that allows users to access and view webpages.
The browsers are the ones that translates the tags from the source document into a
functional and interactive webpage. Examples of browsers are the Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.
• Mobile browser, microbrowser, minibrowser, or wireless internet browser (WIB) is a web
browser designed for use on a mobile device such as a mobile phone.
• Webpages are stored on a special server called a web server. When you enter a URL on a
web browser’s address bar (www.kok.edu.ph), the browser will then send a request to
the web server using the domain name (kok.edu.ph). The server then fetches the
webpage of kok.edu.ph and sends it back to the browser.
Categories of Websites

• Many of the websites fall under one of these categories.

Category Descriptions
Portal Portal website offers a broad array of resources and services,
such as email, forums, search engines, and on-line shopping
malls.
News News website offers stories and articles relating to current
events, life, money, sports, and the weather.
Informational Informational website offers factual information. It is created by
organizations and government agencies.
Business/Marketing Business/marketing website promotes products and services. It
allows you to purchase products or services online.
Educational Educational website offers avenues for formal and informal
teaching and learning.
Entertainment Entertainment website offers an interactive and engaging
environment featuring music, videos, sports, games, and more.
Advocacy Advocacy website contains content that describes a cause,
opinion or idea.
Blog Blog website short for web log uses a regularly updated journal
format to reflect the interests, opinions and personalities of the
author and sometimes site visitors.
Wiki Wiki website is a collaborative website that allows users to
create, add to, modify, or delete the website content via their
web browsers.
Online Social Network Online social network website is a media sharing website sharing
website where members share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music and videos.
Personal Personal website is maintained by an individual or family to share
life experiences. It might be a single web page or a collection of
web pages.

Prepared by:
April Jade M. Castillo
Nikkie D. Lugtu
Erica Grace B. Refil
Jorrilyn P. Viray
Jeric S. Zuñiga