TOPIC NO.

51

NAME OF THE TOPIC: ADIPOSE

TISSUE, LIPOPROTEINS LIKE
VLDL,LDL,HDL,TRIGLYCERIDES

PRESENTED BY: SHRUTI THAKUR

GUIDED BY: DR. SUNIL MEHETRE SIR
 CONTENT
ADIPOSE TISSUE: LIPOPROTEINS:
• INTRODUCTION • INTRODUCTION
• STRUCTURE • FORMATION
• FUNCTIONS • STRUCTURE
• ADIPOCYTES • TYPES OF LIPOPROTEIN
• DEVELOPMENT OF ADIPOSE
TISSUE
• TYPES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-
(BROWN AND WHITE) AND
THEIR FUNCTION
• APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
ADIPOSE TISSUE
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ADIPOSE TISSUE?

It is a type of LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

It consists of specialized fat cells known as ADIPOCYTES OR LIPOCYTES.

It is the site of fat storage in human body.

• CLOSELY PACKED ADIPOCYTES
• NUCLEUS PUSHED TO CORNER
BY FAT GLOBULES
• Accounts for :
20-25% weight of women
15-20% weight of men
• LOCATION
Under skin
Around kidneys
Behind eyeballs
Within abdomen
Breast tissue
  Largest repository of
energy in body.
MAIN FUNCTIONS:  Contributes to thermal
insulation
 Fills space
between structures
 Adipocyte acts as
endocrine gland secretes a
hormone LEPTIN which
controls weight under
regulation by hypothalamus
 ADIPOCYTES
 ALSO KNOWN AS
LIPOCYTES OR FAT
CELLS, THESE CELLS
ARE THE PRIMARY
CONSTITUENT OF
ADIPOSE TISSUES
 THESE SPECIALISED
CELLS ARE THE
STOREHOUSE OF FAT
GLOBULES
 ADIPOCYTES ARE
DERIVED FROM
MESENCHYMAL STEM
CELLS THROUGH
ADIPOGENESIS
DEVELOPMENT OF
FAT TISSUE
TYPES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

BASED ON THE TYPE OF

ADIPOCYTE PRESENT, ADIPOSE
TISSUE IS BROADLY CLASSIFIED
INTO TWO TYPES

WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE

BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE

WHITE ADIPOSE
TISSUE
 WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE
• PREDOMINANT TYPE OF FAT IN HUMANS.
• WHITE FAT CELLS HAVE A SIMPLE STRUCTURE A SINGLE
LIPID DROPLET AND A FEW CELLULAR ORGANELLES
• YELLOWISH DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF CAROTENE
• PRESENT IN ADULTS AS WELL AS INFANTS
• EVENLY DISTRIBUTED IN BODY BUT VARIES WITH AGE
AND SEX
• PRESENT AS SUBCUTANEOUS FAT BENEATH THE SKIN
THROUGHOUT THE BODY
FUNCTIONS :
• ENERGY STORAGE (IN FORM OF
TRIGLYCERIDE) PROVIDING LOW
WEIGHT HIGH CALORIE FORM OF
ENERGY
• INSULATION FROM EXTREME
TEMPERATURE
• PROVIDES CUSHIONING AND ACTS AS
A SHOCK ABSORBER AROUND SOFT
ORGANS LIKE KIDNEYS
BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE
 BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE

• IT CONSISTS OF MULTILOCULAR ADIPOCYTES – MULTIPLE

SMALL FAT GLOBULES
• THIS TISSUE IS ABUNDANTLY PRESENT IN NEONATES
(NEW BORNS)
• BROWN COLOR IS DUE TO VASCULARISATION (PRESENCE
OF BLOOD VESSEL) ABUNDANT MITOCHONDRIA
AND PRESENCE OF CYTOCHROME PIGMENT
• AS THE INFANT GROWS THE PERCENTAGE OF BROWN FAT
IN BODY GRADUALLY REDUCES TO 1% IN ADULTS
FUNCTIONS :

• BROWN FAT IS MAINLY

CONCERNED WITH
HEAT GENERATION ESPECIALLY
IN HIBERNATION, AFTER BIRTH
AND DURING COLD STRESS
• MAIN SITE OF NON SHIVERING
HEAT PRODUCTION DURING COLD
STRESS (NEWBORNS CANT
SHIVER)
 WHITE FAT BROWN FAT

WHITE VS
BROWN FAT
LIPOPROTEINS LIKE VLDL, LDL, HDL
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS LIPOPROTEIN?

BIOCHEMICAL ASSEMBLY OF
A LIPID MOLECULE ON
PROTEIN

THEY ARE MEANS OF

TRANSPORT IN THE BLOOD
STREAM
EXAMPLE- CHYLOMICRONS,
CHOLESTROL , STRUCTURAL
PROTEINS LIKE ANTIGEN
ETC.
 LIPIDS ARE WATER INSOLUBLE, HENCE
MAKING THEIR TRANSPORT IN
AQUEOUS BLOOD PLASMA DIFFICULT.
THEREFORE THE AMPHIPHATIC LIPIDS
LIKE PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND CHOLESTROL
FORMATION OF
AND NON POLAR LIPIDS LIKE LIPOPROTEINS
TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND CHOLESTERYL
ESTERS ASSOCIATE WITHPROTEINS TO
MAKE WATER MISCIBLE LIPOPROTEINS.
STRUCTURE OF LIPOPROTEIN
• CONSISTS OF NON POLAR CORE AND SINGLE SURFACE LAYER OF LIPID
• THESE ARE ORIENTED SO THAT THEIR POLAR GROUPS FACE OUTWARDS
TO THE AQUEOUS MEDIUM
• PROTEIN MOIETY OF LIPOPROTEIN IS KNOWN AS AN APOLIPOPROTEIN
OR APOPROTEIN
• SOME APOPROTEINS ARE INTEGRAL AND CANNOT BE REMOVED WHILE
OTHERS EASILY TRANSIT TO OTHER ONES.
 VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
(VLDL)
TYPES OF
LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)
LIPOPROTEIN
(BASED ON INTERMEDIATE DENSITY
DIFFERENCES IN LIPOPROTEIN (IDL)
THEIR DENSITY)
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
(HDL)
 VLDL (VERY LOW
DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)

 LOWEST IN DENSITY
 LARGE SIZE
 HIGH CONCENTRATION OF TRI-
GLYCERIDE AND MODERATE
CONCENTRATION OF CHOLES-
TROL AND PHOSPHOLIPID
FUNCTIONS:
LDL (LOW DENSITY
LIPOPROTEIN)
 LOW IN DENSITY
 METABOLISM PRODUCT OF VLDL
AND IDL
 40-60% LDLS ARE CLEARED BY
LIVER REST BY HEPATIC OR NON
HEPATIC LDL RECEPTOR
 v CHIEF CHOLESROL AND FAT TRANSPORTERS IN
BLOOD, CARRIES CHOLESTROL FROM LIVER TO
BODY TISSUES
v OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE "BAD
CHOLESTROL" NEVERTHELESS A VITAL
BIOMOLECULE AND IN ADEQUATE AMOUNT IS
FUNCTIONS: BODY AFFECTS HEALTH POSITIVELY
v THESE ARE INVOLVED IN PROGRESSION
OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LIKE
ATHEROSCLEROSIS OR STROKE
v RAISED LDL LEVELS IN BLOOD PLASMA IS
LINKED TO INCREASED RISK OF DISEASES
v LDL IS RICH IN CHOLESTROL ESTERS THUS ITS
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES LEADS TO INSULIN
RESISTANCE
IDL (INTERMEDIATE
DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)
 LOWEST IN DENSITY
HDL (HIGH DENSITY
LIPOPROTEIN)

 HIGHEST IN DENSITY
 SMALLEST IN SIZE
 MOST ABUNDANT
 HIGHEST PROPORTION OF
PROTEIN TO LIPID
 CONTAINS HIGH
CONCENTRATION OF PROTEIN
(NEARLY 50%) BUT LESSER
AMOUNT OF PHOSPHOLIPID
AND CHOLESTROL
FUNCTIONS: