GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

THRISSUR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Introduction to P&ID Reading

and Design

MUHAMMED RAJOOL
TCR20CH039
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
1
Type of Flow Diagrams in Process Engineering
2
Scope and application
3
Anatomy of a P&ID Sheet
4
Principles of P&ID Development
5
Case study
6
Conclusion
8
Introduction
 What’s P&ID?
• Graphical representations of process and piping
systems used in engineering and process industries.

• The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is what

might be considered the bible of a chemical process
plant.
Introduction
Type of Flow Diagrams
in Process
Engineering
 Mass Flow Diagram

 Block Flow Diagram (BFD)

Also known as Information Flow Diagram
 Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
Also known as Mechanical Flow Diagram (MFD).
 Utility Flow Diagram
This is a type of P&ID for common plant utilities
(steam, utility air, fuel oil, etc.)
An Example of Block Flow Diagram
(BFD)

 Composed of only blocks (rectangles) and straight lines

 Each block represents one or more unit operations
 The lines represent the major process flow streams (material/
energy flows)
Process Flow Diagram
(PFD)
 A PFD is a schematic representation of a process using
symbols to illustrate major operation units and major
process flow lines.
 A PFD also tabulates process design values for the streams
in different operating modes (minimum, normal and
maximum).
 A PFD is typically the first drawing developed for a
process, often in the pre-conceptual or conceptual
design phase.
Relationship between PFD and P&ID
 For a process, a PFD is a simple representation, while a P&ID is a
definitive and comprehensive representation.
 A PFD shows major equipment and major process lines, while a
P&ID shows all equipment and all process lines.
 A PFD shows major operating conditions (flow, temperature and
pressure), while a P&ID shows piping, valves and
instruments that monitor and control the process.
 P&IDs are more important in the design process, but PFDs
provide a basis for P&IDs development.
 PFDs and P&IDs use the same symbols and formats.
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
– Scope & Application
 One important factor when designing a process
plant is the quality of its P&ID. The more
complete a P&ID is, the more developed the
project is.

 Frequently referenced document throughout a project

term – from the designing stages to the plant‐in ‐
operation phase
– Scope & Application
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
– Synonyms
 Process and instrument diagram (P&ID)
 Piping and Instrument diagram (P&ID)
 Mechanical flow diagram (MFD)
 Engineering flow diagram (EFD)
 Piping and wiring diagram (P&WD)
 Pipe and identification diagram (P&ID)
Anatomy of P&ID sheet
Anatomy of P&ID sheet
-Main Body
Principle of P&ID development

Create an Connect Pipes Review and

Equipment List and Equipment Refine

Document and Share with

Validate Collaborators
Software for Developing P&IDs

AutoPLANT P&ID – AutoCAD-based (Bentley)

CADWorx P&ID – AutoCAD-based (CodeCAD Inc.)

SmartPlant P&ID – Able to convert AutoCAD or MicroStation

based P&ID to SmartPlant P&ID (Intergraph)

AutoCAD P&ID – AutoCAD-based (Autodesk)

Principle of P&ID development
-P&ID Legends & Symbols

• Abbreviations
• Equipment Symbols
• Instrument Symbols
• Signal/Line Symbols
• Pipe Numbering
Principle of P&ID development

-Abbreviations
PC Pressure controller TA Temperature alarm
PI Pressure indicator TI Temperature indicator
PT Pressure transmitter FI Flow indicator
PR Pressure recorder LI Level indicator
PY Pressure converter LCV Level control valve
PIC Pressure indicating controller LIC Level indicating controller
PRC Pressure recording controller LRC Level recording controller
Pressure safety valve/
PSV AVG Average
Pressure relief valve

PCV Pressure control valve AG Above ground

Principle of P&ID development
-Equipment Symbols
vessels

Heat exchangers
Principle of P&ID development
-Equipment Symbols
valves
Principle of P&ID development
-Instrument symbol
Principle of P&ID development
-Instrument symbol
Examples of Instrument #
PI PI PI
217 217 217

a b c

a. Pressure indicator, Loop 217,

located in the field.
b. Pressure indicator, Loop 217, on
control panel, located in the
control room.
c. Pressure indicator, Loop 217,
signal to DCS.
Principle of P&ID development
-Signal/Line Symbols
Principle of P&ID development
Line Designation (Pipe Numbering)
 Line # is required for piping in P&IDs
 Position of the line #: normally above piping lines
 Different formats of line # for different companies
 A line # contains the following basic information:
 Plant #
 Commodity symbol
 Line serial #
 Piping/Line size
 Piping/Line class (optional)
 An example: 6N1-4”-CA2B
Plant 6, Nitrogen line 1, 4” pipe, piping class – CA2B
Principle of P&ID development
Line Designation (Pipe Numbering)
 Another examble:

I
Case study
-Water sand filter
• Water sand filter is a water purification method that uses sand
to filter out the particles and pollutants from water.
• Process: When water passes through layers of sand, it
undergoes physical filtration, where impurities become trapped
in the spaces between the sand grains.
• Filters may require frequent cleaning and backwashing to
prevent clogging and maintain optimal filtration
Case study

Feed water header

WR-AA-8”1098-1”IS Feed water header
WP-AA-8”-1099-1”IS

Feed water header

WP-AA-6”1098-1”IS
Treated water header
WP-AA-6”-1101-1”IS
Conclusion
In conclusion, today's seminar provided a foundational
understanding of P&ID reading and design, essential skills
for any aspiring chemical engineer. We explored the
symbology, conventions, and key elements involved in
creating and interpreting P&IDs. As future professionals,
mastering these concepts will undoubtedly contribute to our
ability to navigate and contribute to complex engineering
projects. Practice these skills, and they'll be useful in your
career as a chemical engineer.
REFERENCE
• Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Development ,Moe Toghrae, © 2019 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.
• ISA (International Society of Automation)
Standards
• Management of P&ID Development, DOI:
10.1002/9781119329503.ch2,Reseach gate
• Art of P&ID. Ford, Bacon & Davis, LLC
Thank you