ASSIGNMENT FOR UNIT-3

RANKINE VAPOR POWER CYCLE

1) Draw the H-S diagram for Rankine vapor cycle and write the equation for efficiency of
Rankine vapor cycle.

2) Describe reheat cycle and compare it with simple Rankine cycle.

3) What do you understand by ideal regenerative cycle? Discuss

4) What do you understand by binary vapor power cycles?

5) Describe combined heat and power cycles (Co-generation power plant)

IDEAL AND REAL GASES

6)Draw the P-V-T surface for water and explain how the thermodynamic properties of P-V-T are
varying in the diagram

7)State Dalton law of partial pressures

8)What is meant by real gas? Write equation of state for real gas (Vanderwaals gas equation)

9)What is the difference between universal gas constant and characteristic gas equation? Explain
about significance of “Compressibility factor and compressibility charts”

10)Define the following terms i) Mole fraction ii)Mass fraction iii) Specific heats iv) Gas
constant of mixture

11)Derive the expression for determining the properties of gas mixtures for i) Internal Energy
ii) Enthalpy iii) Entropy iv)Specific heats

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

RANKINE VAPOR POWER CYCLE

12) A Carnot cycle works on steam between the pressure limits of 7 MPa and 7 kPa. Determine
thermal efficiency, turbine work and compression work per kg of steam

[Hint:Determine the enthalpy at different points of 1,2,3&4 from the diagram]

Answer: Thermal efficiency=44%,Turbine work=969kW and Compressor work=304kW

13) A steam turbine plant operates on Rankine cycle with steam entering turbine at 40 bar, 350ºC
and leaving at 0.05 bar. Steam leaving turbine condenses to saturated liquid inside condenser.
Feed pump pumps saturated liquid into boiler. Determine the net work per kg of steam and the
cycle efficiency assuming all processes to be ideal. Also show cycle on T-s diagram. Also
determine pump work per kg of steam considering linear variation of specific volume

[Hint: Determine the enthalpy at different points of 1,2,3&4 from the diagram]

Answer:
Net work per kg of steam = 1081.74 kJ/kg
Cycle efficiency = 36.67%
Pump work per kg of steam = 4.02 kJ/kg

14) A steam power plant running on Rankine cycle has steam entering HP turbine at 20 MPa, 500ºC and
leaving LP turbine at 90% dryness. Considering condenser pressure of 0.005 MPa and reheating occurring
upto the temperature of 500ºC determine,
(a) the pressure at wich steam leaves HP turbine
(b) the thermal efficiency

[Hint: Problem on REHEATING CYCLE, Determine the enthalpy at different points of 1,2,3&4
from the diagram]

Answer: Pressure of steam leaving HP turbine = 1.40 MPa , Thermal efficiency = 56.39%
15)[ problem on REGENERATIVE CYCLE]

=0.4618
=46.18%
Thermal efficiency of cycle =0.4976= 49.76%
 IDEAL AND REAL GASES

16) vessel of 5 m3 capacity contains air at 100 kPa and temperature of 300K. Some air is removed
from vessel so as to reduce pressure and temperature to 50 kPa and 7ºC respectively. Find the amount of
of air removed and volume of this mass of air at initial states of air. Take R = 287 J/kg.K for air.

[Hint]

Answer: Volume = 2.32 m3

Mass of air removed = 2.696 kg
Volume of air at initial states = 2.32 m3
17) Determine the pressure of 5 kg carbon dixoide contained in a vessel of 2 m3 capacity at 27º C,
considering it as
(i) perfect gas
(ii) real gas
[Hint : Volume, V = 2 m3, Universal gas constt. = 8.314 kJ/kg . K
Temperature, T = 27ºC
= (273 + 27) K
T = 300 K
Mass, m = 5 kg

pV = CO2 mR T

R CO2 = Universal gas constant/ Molecular weight of CO2

Then apply vanderwaals gas equation

****“Where a and b are constants they will be given “

18) In 5 kg mixture of gases at 1.013 bar and 300 K the various constituent gases are as follows,
80% N2, 18% O2, 2% CO2.Determine the specific heat at constant pressure, gas constant for the constituents
and mixture and also molar mass of mixture taking = 1.4 for N2 and O2 and = 1.3 for CO2.
Universal gas constant = 8314 J/kg · K

[Hint: Determine the gas constant of all gases using the formula R=Universal gas constant/Mol wt]
19) gas mixture comprises of 18% O2, 75% N2 and 7% CO2 by volume at 0.5 MPa and 107ºC. For 5
kg mass of mixture carry out gravimetric analysis and determine the partial pressure of gases in mixture

[hint]

where ‘ni’ and ‘Vi’ are no. of moles and volume fraction of constituent while ‘n’ and V are total
no. of moles and total volume of mixture.

**Similarly for other gases calculate

**Similarly for other gases calculate

Partial pressures of constituents = Volume fraction × Pressure of mixture

Partial pressure of O2 = 0.18 × 0.5 = 0.09 MPa
Partial pressure of N2 = 0.75 × 0.5 = 0.375 MPa Ans.
Partial pressure of CO2 = 0.07 × 0.5 = 0.35 MPa

20) A gas mixture at 1 bar , 270C consists of 1 kg of helium and 2.5kg of N2 . If the mixture
is compressed isoentropically in a cylinder until 600 K find a) the final Pressure of the
mixture (b) the initial and final partial pressure (c) change in internal energy (d) change in
enthalpy (e) change in entropy of each constituent (f) work required for compression.

[**Hint: Complete solution is given below practice without seeing]

Mass of H2 = ma = 1 kg, cpa = 5.233, cva = 3.140

 kJ/kgK Mass of N2= mb = 2.5 kg, cpb = 1.038, cvb =

0.741kJ/kgK Total mass = mm = 3.5 kg Ra = 2.093

kJ/kgK

[Hint :From the definition of mole fraction calculate the following

ya = 1/3.5, yb = 2.5/3.5

Cpm= ya cpa +ybcpb =

2.236kJ/kgK cvm=ya cva +yb cvb

=1.426kJ/kgK

γmix=2.236/1.426 = 1.568

a)
T2/T1 =(P2/P1)γ-1 /γ => P2 = 100 x [600 / 300]1.568/ 0.568
= 6776 kPa = 6.776 bar

b) na = No. of moles of H2 = 1/ 4 = 0.25, xa

=0.737 nb = No. of moles of N2 = 2.5 / 28 = 0.0892,
xb = 0.263 Total no. of moles n = n a +n b = 0.3392
Initial partial pressure of H2 = xb P2 =0 737 =Pb1
Initial partial pressure of N2 = xb P2 =0.263 =Pb1
Final partial pressure of H2 = xa. P2 =4.99 bar =
Pa2 Final partial pressure of N2 = xb
P2=1.782 bar = Pb2

c) Change in internal energy of the mixture

∆u = mm . cvm (T2 – T1)
= 3.5 x 2.236 (600 – 300)
= 2348 kJ
d) Change in entropy

Change in entropy of H2 = (∆S)a = ma= [ /

cpa .In T2 T1 - Ra . In P2 /P]
1

=1 [ 5.233 In 600/300 - 2.093 In 6.776 /1]

= [ 3.6272 – 4 ] = - 0.372 kJ/k
 Change in entropy of N2 = (∆S)b = mb [cpb. / /
.In T2 T1 - Rb . In Pb2 Pb1 ]
= 2.5 [ 1.038. In 600/300 - 0.297 .In 6.776/1 ]

(∆S)mixture = (∆S)a + (∆S)b