‫الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية‬

‫الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية‬

‫‪26/12/2021‬‬
 DTRA310 Week 6
Chapter 4
• Analysis (Listening to Words and Content &
Analyzing Structure and Progression)
• Consecutive Interpreting Practice: Interpreting
from Arabic into English (In-class Activity)
Listening to Words and Content & Analyzing Structure and
Progression
 When we work as interpreters, we listen to speeches in a quite
different way from ordinary listeners.
 You will not only be listening to all the words and the content, but
you will also be dissecting the speech in your head, and analyzing its
structure and progression to find out what fits with what and why.
 You will recognize the main ideas and the secondary ones; you will
spot the links between them; and more besides.
Structural breakdown
 Speeches are almost thought through in advance and most speakers
will speak from either notes they have made or a text they, or a
speech writer, has written. So the speech you are going to interpret
will have some structure.
 In the previous chapter, we saw how seven basic speech structures
could help us recall a speech. They are:
1. Past, present, future
2. For, against, conclusion
3. Beginning, middle, end
4. Problem, causes, solution
5. Tell them what you are going to say and recap on what you have
said.
6. Introduction, development, conclusion
7. Introduction, argument, counter-argument, conclusion
Mind Maps
 A mind map is a form of note-taking in which information is
organized in a nonlinear way on a single piece of paper.
 Mind maps can be used for all forms of patterned notes because
that reflects everyday usage of the term. You can use words, symbols
or pictures as part of your mind map, and the connections between
these are shown by their position relative to one another on the page
and/or lines between them.
 This way of representing ideas taps into the way the mind associates
and recalls information and can therefore be useful in helping us to
organize and remember information.
Mind Maps
 Mind-mapping makes you structure the information into sections
and sub-sections and it will also highlight the connections between
parts of a speech.
 In drawing a mind map, you will create a visual image that shows:

1. An overview of the whole speech on a single page.

2. A view of the hierarchy of information in the speech – sections and
sub-sections.
3. How the different parts of the speech fit together.
Mind Maps
Sections: What is a
Section?
 Speeches are not just indivisible flows of words. They are made up of
different parts. In written language, sections are paragraphs. When
the text moves on to something different, we see a space on the page.
A good speaker will do something comparable when speaking,
namely pause after each section.
 When listening to a speech, you have to decide where the sections
begin and end for yourself, based on the content and the speaker’s
intonation.
 Some people may see lots of small sections in the same speech that
someone else sees as having only a few large sections. There is not
one “right” way to split up a speech.
Mini-summaries
 Being able to summarize is one of the most important and obvious
skills of the professional interpreter. A mini-summary is a short
three-word phrase, not necessarily grammatical, ideally only who
does what (or subject verb object), which gives you a summary of
the main message of a section of a speech.
 There are (at least) two ways to arrive at a written mini-summary of
an original speech (spoken or as a transcript):
1. Take actual words used by the speaker to create a summary
meaning. 2. Create a short summary of your own, independent of the
words used
by the speaker.
Section Diagrams
 Section diagrams are a continuation of the way of splitting up a
speech into sections.
 Once you have broken down a speech into sections, you can go
further and break it down into sub-sections, mapping them out on a
page. For each section and sub-section, note a single word if
possible, a few at most.
 A section diagram gives a very clear visual representation of the
structure of the speech and can serve as a set of notes to interpret
from for a very quick speech, or a speech which you can easily
remember.
Logical Analysis
 The logical prompt technique is often considered as an analysis
technique as much as a memory technique. By recreating the logical
links between different parts of the speech, you are analyzing and
understanding the original speech.

Recognizing and Splitting

Ideas
 We have split speeches into sections and sub-sections above. Now we
are going to split speeches into an even smaller unit – what we will
call an idea. This is useful as a further analysis exercise, but will also
lead us into the next chapter on note-taking. The idea will be the
smallest division we make in our notes.
Consecutive Interpreting Practice: Interpreting from Arabic
into English (In-class Activity)

Interpret the speech at the following link from Arabic into

English (Consecutive Interpreting).

Speech Domain: ‫األخبار الزائفة‬

https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sr/speech/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%
D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6
%D9%81%D8%A9-fake-news-1
Reference
Gillies, Andrew (2019). Consecutive Interpreting: A short
Course. Routledge. London and New York.
Thank
You