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Drama Topic
Drama Topic
Night
By Abdul Basit
ID: 12689
“ If music be the food of love, play on.
Give me excess of it, that surfeiting,
The appetite may sicken and so die “
Alliteration
• Definition of Alliteration
• Alliteration is a literary device that reflects repetition in two or more
nearby words of initial consonant sounds.
• Alliteration does not refer to the repetition of consonant letters that
begin words, but rather the repetition of the consonant sound at the
beginning of words.
• For example, the phrase “kids’ coats”
“phony people” is not alliterative
CONTI….
• A play written in blank verse, Twelfth Night shows many examples
of the use of alliteration. For example,
• “No man must know.” What follows? The numbers altered.
• “No man must know.”
• If this should be thee, Malvolio? (Act-II, Scene-V, Lines, 91-93)
• By this hand, they are scoundrels and substractors that
• Say so of him. Who are they? (Act-I, Scene-IV, Line,30-31)
• And with what wing the staniel checks at it! (Act-II, Scene-V, Line, 108)
Conti ….
• Lines taken from different acts show the use of alliteration that means
the use of consonant sounds in quick succession in a line such as /m/
in man and must, /s/ in scoundrels and substractors; say and so,
and /w/ in what wing sounds have occurred in these lines.
Allegory
Definition of Allegory:
• An allegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in
terms of characters, figures, and events.
• An allegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in
terms of characters, figures, and events.
• The playwright presents the circumstances of the people going through shipwrecking,
disguising, loving, and unloving at the same time.
• These people are the real ones, finding language from the situations they face as human
beings. Therefore, it is a fantastical allegory.
Assonance
Definition:
• Assonance is a literary device in which the repetition of similar vowel sounds takes
place in two or more words in proximity to each other within a line of poetry or prose.
• Assonance most often refers to the repetition of internal vowel sounds in words that do
not end the same.
• For example, “he fell asleep under the cherry tree” is a phrase that features
assonance with the repetition of the long “e” vowel, despite the fact that the
words containing this vowel do not end in perfect rhymes.
Example:
• Forgive the dry fool drink, then is the fool not dry.
Bid the dishonest man mend himself – if he mend, he is no
longer dishonest. (Act-I, Scene-V, Line, 38-40)
• Why then, methinks ’tis time to smile again.
world, how apt the poor are to be proud! (Act-III, Scene-I, Line, 121-122)
• Why should I not, had I the heart to do it. (Act-V, Scene-I, Lines, 111)
Conti…
• vowel sounds appear after some pauses in such a way that they create a
sort of melodious impacts in the verses. The sounds of /i/ in bid and
dishonest, /o/ in longer and dishonest, /ai/ in time and smile.
Antagonist
Definition:
In literature, an antagonist is a character, or a group of
characters, which stands in opposition to the
Protagonist, which is the main character. The term
“antagonist” comes from the Greek word antagonistēs,
which means “opponent,” “competitor,” or “rival.”
Conti….
• It is common to refer to an antagonist as a villain (the bad guy), against
whom a Hero (the good guy) fights in order to save himself or others.
In some cases, an antagonist may exist within the protagonist that
causes an inner conflict or a moral conflict inside his mind. This inner
conflict is a major theme of many literary works, such as Doctor
Faustus, by Christopher Marlowe, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare,
and A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce. Generally,
an antagonist appears as a foil to the main character, embodying
qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of the main character.
Example #1: Antigone (By Sophocles)
• A classical example of an antagonist is that of King Creon in Sophocles’
tragedy Antigone. Here, the function of the antagonist is to obstruct the
main character’s progress, through evil plots and actions. Antigone, the
protagonist, struggles against King Creon, the antagonist, in her effort to
give her brother a respectable burial. Through his evil designs, Creon tries
to hamper her in this attempt by announcing that her brother was a traitor,
and decreeing that “he must be left to the elements.” This protagonist-
antagonist conflict becomes the theme of this tragedy.
Antagonist:
• Although as a vain and pompous, Malvolio seems to be the antagonist of
the play. Some other critics have stated that the real antagonist is Olivia as
she prevents Viola from getting her desires. Between both, Malvolio
seems a good candidate to be called an antagonist on account of his not-
so-malicious character
Allusion
Allusion is a literary device in which an object or circumstance from an
unrelated context is referred to as covertly or indirectly. The below examples
show good use of allusions
How will she love, when the rich golden shaft
Hath killed the flock. (Act-I, Scene-I, Lines, 34-35)
I would play Lord Pandarus of Phrygia sir, to bring a
Cressida to this Troilu. (Act-III, Scene-I, Lines, 47-48)
Truly madam, he holds Belzebub at the stave’s end. (Act-V,
• cene-I, Line, 275)
Conti..
• These lines show a reference to the earliest mythical figures. The
first is a reference to the Cupid, while the second is to Chaucer’s
story of Troilus and Criseyde and Shakespeare’s Troilus and
Cressida. However, the third one alludes to Belzebub, the devil.
Anaphora:
• The deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to
achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora. The play Twelfth
Night also shows the use of anaphora as given below;
• No man must know.
“No man must know.” What follows? The numbers altered!
“No man must know.” If this should be thee, Malvolio? (Act-II,
Scene-V, Lines 93-95)
Conti….
• The phrase “No man must know” is repeated at the beginning of these three
verses, showing good use of anaphora
• .8. Conflict: There are two types of conflicts in Twelfth Night. The first one is
the external conflict that is going on between the lovers and the second is the
mental conflict that goes in the mind of Viola and Sebastian when they get
separated.
• 9. Consonance: Consonance refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants
within a sentence or phrase. The play, Twelfth Night, shows the use of
consonance at various places. For example
Conti…
By my life, this is my lady’s hand these be her very C’s, her U’s and her T’s
and thus makes she her great P’s.
It is, in contempt of question, her hand. (Act-II, Scene-V, Line, 76-79)
I extend my hand to him thus. (Act-II, Scene-V, Line, 61)
• You have said, sir. To see this age! A sentence is but a cheveril glove to a
good wit. How quickly the wrong side may be turned outward! (Act-III,
Scene-I, Lines, 10-14)
Conti…
• In both of these examples, consonant sounds such as /d/ in lady’s and hand; /s/
in this, is, and lady’s and /n/ in extend and hand, and then /l/ in cheveril and
glove, and /d/ in turned and outward has been repeated in such a way that they
create a musical quality in these lines