Drawing Conclusions

From Patterns and

Themes
Characteristics of Conclusions
presents the interpretation and
generalization of the study based on its
findings
It appropriately answers the research
questions and problems raised at the
beginning of the investigation.
Characteristics of Conclusions
It must point out what was factually
learned from the study. It must reveal the
things you discovered from the research.
It must be formulated concisely. It must be
brief and short, but it must convey all
necessary information from the
investigation.
Pointers in Writing Conclusions
1.Explain your point in simple and
clear sentences
2. Use expressions that center on the
topic rather than on yourself, the
researcher.
Pointers in Writing Conclusions
3. Include only necessary items; exclude
any piece of information or picture not
closely related to your report.
4. Have your conclusion contain only
validly supported findings instead of
falsified results.
Pointers in Writing Conclusions

5. Practice utmost honesty and

objectivity in stating the results of
your critical evaluation of outcomes
that you expect to support your
conclusions.
What are Patterns & Themes from
Data?
•A theme is generated when similar
issues and ideas expressed by
participants within qualitative data
are brought together by the
researcher into a single category or
cluster.
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
1. Word Repetitions - if you
want to understand what
people are talking about,
look at the words they use
• investigators simply read the text and note
words or synonyms that people use a lot
(Informal mode)
• generating a list of all the unique words in a
text and counting the number of times each
occurs (formal mode)
2. Indigenous categories
•look for local terms that
may sound unfamiliar or
are used in unfamiliar
ways
3. Key-words-in-context (KWIC)
• based on a simple observation: if you want
to understand a concept, then look at how it
is used
• researchers identify key words and then
systematically search the corpus of text to
find all instances of the word or phrase
4. Compare and Contrast
•themes represent the ways in
which texts are either similar
or different from each other
5. Social Science Queries
•researchers are interested in
understanding how textual data
illuminate questions of
importance to social science
Strategies on How to Infer Data
•Thematic Analysis - “A method
for identifying, analyzing and
reporting patterns within data.” -
Braun and Clarke (2006)
The 6 Steps of Thematic
Analysis:
1. Familiarization with the
data
2. Coding
3. Searching for themes
4.Reviewing themes
5. Defining and naming themes
Formulating Recommendations
Based on Conclusions
Guidelines in Writing the
Recommendations
1.It must be brief - write only
what is necessary
One or two paragraphs of
specific recommendations would
be enough.
2. It must be clear
•be clear about what your
suggestions
3. It must be precise - Use the
actual findings of your study as
reasons for your
recommendations.
4. It must be written by the
beneficiaries’ order of priority
•List your beneficiaries and your
recommendations to them in order
from those who would benefit the
most, to those who would benefit
the least
5. It must be logical
the recommendations must be
reasonably based on the
conclusions, and not from
researcher conjecture.
6. It must contain no new conclusions,
discoveries, assumptions, or revelations –
No further conclusions or assumptions
from the author must be placed in the
recommendations.
1. What similarities and differences can you find
between the Significance of the Study and the
Recommendations of the research paper?
2. Why is it necessary to include a
recommendation for future researchers in this
section?